Cell Biology Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of the cell theory?

All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
All cells have identical organelles. (correct)
All living organisms are composed of cells.
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

Which of the following accurately describes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, while eukaryotic cells do not.
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells lack these structures.
Eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells lack these structures. (correct)
Eukaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than prokaryotic cells.

Which eukaryotic organelle is primarily responsible for generating ATP through cellular respiration?

Mitochondria (correct)
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Golgi Apparatus

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton is most directly involved in muscle contraction?

Microfilaments (actin filaments) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the cell membrane?

To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Protein synthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S phase (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process results in the production of gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Meiosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

In cellular respiration, which stage directly involves the electron transport chain?

Electron Transport Chain (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cell differentiation?

To specialize cells in structure and function (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of active transport?

Ion pumps (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?

Intracellular digestion and waste removal (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT found in animal cells?

Cell wall (D) Signup and view all the answers

During photosynthesis, what is the main function of the light-dependent reactions?

To capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

In cell signaling, what is the initial step that triggers the process?

Reception (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peroxisomes?

Detoxification and breakdown of fatty acids (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell division is responsible for genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment?

Meiosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of apoptosis in multicellular organisms?

It is a normal process for development and tissue homeostasis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Biology?

The scientific study of life, exploring structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.

What is Cell Biology?

Study of cells, the fundamental units of life, investigating their structure, function, and behavior.

What is Cell Theory?

All living organisms are composed of cells, the basic unit of life, arising from pre-existing cells.