30 Questions
Who is credited with the discovery that cells come from preexisting cells that have multiplied?
Rudolf Virchow
What is the primary reason cells grown in vitro are essential tools for cell and molecular biologists?
They are easier to study than cells in the body
What is a characteristic shared by all cells?
They are all similar in chemical composition
Where do most of the chemical reactions of life occur?
In aqueous solution within cells
What is a feature of cell division?
Replication and passing on of complete genetic information
What is unique about HeLa cells?
They are descended from a single cell sample and are still being grown today
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
The presence or absence of a membrane-bound nucleus
What is the typical shape of most prokaryotic cells?
Spherical or rod-shaped
What is the term for the area of the cell where prokaryotic DNA is located?
Nucleoid
What is the purpose of a cell wall in prokaryotes?
To provide protection
What is the method of reproduction used by prokaryotes?
Binary fission
What is a characteristic of the mycoplasma?
They lack a cell wall and have a small genome
Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Lack of a true nucleus
What is the term for the study of the naming of organisms using a two-part system?
Binomial nomenclature
What is the function of cyanobacteria?
To perform photosynthesis
Where can thermoacidophiles be found?
In sulphur-based resources around 800°C and having a pH of 2
Which of the following is an example of a eukaryotic organism?
Protist
What is a characteristic of archaea?
They are adapted to extreme environments
What is the function of nucleotides in DNA?
To convey genetic information
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA has a deoxyribose backbone, while RNA has a ribose backbone
What is the central dogma of life?
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein
What is the role of RNA molecules in the cell?
To transcribe DNA into a chemically related polymer
What is the result of the process of transcription?
The formation of RNA
Why is the central dogma referred to as 'central'?
Because it is fundamental to life
What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells that distinguishes them from archaea and bacteria?
Their DNA being kept in a distinct membrane-enclosed compartment
What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?
To provide mechanical strength, control shape, and guide movements
Which of the following organisms are typically formed from eukaryotic cells?
Plants, animals, and fungi
What is a characteristic of archaea at a molecular level?
Their machinery for handling genetic information resembles eukaryotes
Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells that is not typical of bacteria and archaea?
Their large size and complexity
What is the term for the compartment in which eukaryotes keep their DNA?
Nucleus
Test your understanding of the basic principles of cell biology, including the origin of cells, their structure, and chemical composition. Learn about the fundamental units of life and how they function. Explore the concepts that form the foundation of life sciences.
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