Cell Biology: Endosymbiotic Theory
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Questions and Answers

Which structure is most likely to have a double membrane?

  • Mitochondrion (correct)
  • Lysosome
  • Plasma membrane
  • Nucleus

    • What type of ribosomes are found in mitochondria?

  • 70S (correct)
  • 60S
  • 50S
  • 80S

    • What is the process by which mitochondria reproduce?

  • Endocytosis
  • Binary fission (correct)
  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis

    • What is the term for the theory that mitochondria evolved from free-living prokaryotes?

    <p>Endosymbiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the DNA of mitochondria?

    <p>It is circular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mitochondrial inner membrane?

    <p>ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the plasma membrane in a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>A continuous single line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pili in a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>To connect to the cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the DNA in a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>In the cytoplasm, not enclosed in a membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the 70S ribosomes in a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>To synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>Has a nucleus with a membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of flagella in prokaryotes?

    <p>To facilitate movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>To store genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>To facilitate protein transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for generating energy in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>80S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structures

    • Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nuclei are structures that have a double membrane.

    Mitochondrial Ribosomes

    • Mitochondria have their own ribosomes, which are called 70S ribosomes.

    Mitochondrial Reproduction

    • Mitochondria reproduce independently through a process called binary fission.

    Endosymbiotic Theory

    • The endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts. It suggests that these organelles were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by other cells and evolved into their present-day forms.

    Mitochondrial DNA

    • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is circular and has its own set of genes, separate from the cell's nuclear DNA. It is also inherited maternally.

    Mitochondrial Inner Membrane

    • The inner membrane of the mitochondria contains a series of folds called cristae, which increase the surface area for ATP production.

    Prokaryotic Plasma Membrane

    • The plasma membrane of a prokaryotic cell is a phospholipid bilayer that regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.

    Prokaryotic Pili

    • Pili are hair-like structures found on the surface of prokaryotic cells. They are often involved in attachment to surfaces, conjugation (transfer of genetic material between bacteria), and motility.

    Prokaryotic DNA

    • Prokaryotic DNA is located in a region called the nucleoid, which is not enclosed by a membrane.

    Prokaryotic 70S Ribosomes

    • 70S ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells.

    Prokaryotic Cell Characteristics

    • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and a cytoskeleton.

    Prokaryotic Flagella

    • Flagella are whip-like structures that propel prokaryotic cells through their environment.

    Nucleus Function

    • The nucleus is the control center of the eukaryotic cell, containing the cell's DNA and regulating gene expression.

    Plant Cell Wall Composition

    • The main component of the plant cell wall is cellulose, a complex carbohydrate.

    Endoplasmic Reticulum Function

    • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes that plays a role in protein synthesis, modification, and transport, as well as lipid synthesis.

    Organelle for Energy Production

    • Mitochondria are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.

    Eukaryotic Ribosome Size

    • Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger than prokaryotic ribosomes, measuring 80S.

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    Description

    Quiz on cell biology, focusing on the endosymbiotic theory and cellular features. Questions cover the origin of mitochondria and ribosomes.

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