16 Questions
Match the following nitrogenous bases with their hydrogen bond partners:
Adenine = Thymine or Uracil Cytosine = Guanine Guanine = Thymine or Uracil Thymine = Cytosine
Match the following components with their functions in the DNA molecule:
Sugar molecule = Forms the backbone of DNA Phosphate molecule = Provides energy for DNA synthesis Nitrogenous base = Provides structural support to DNA Histone proteins = Influences gene expression
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Chromatin = The network of chromosomes in the nucleus Chromosomes = The complex of DNA, RNA, and histone proteins Extranuclear DNA = DNA found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts Nucleotides = The building blocks of RNA
Match the following nitrogenous bases with their classification:
Adenine = Purine Uracil = Pyrimidine Thymine = Purine Cytosine = Pyrimidine
Match the following structures with their locations in a cell:
Mitochondria = Found in the nucleus Chloroplasts = Found in plant cells Nucleus = Found in the cytoplasm Chromatin = Found in the cytoplasm
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Deoxyribose = A type of sugar molecule Phosphate molecule = A type of nitrogenous base Histone proteins = A type of sugar molecule Cytosine = A type of phosphate molecule
Match the following characteristics with the correct type of nitrogenous base:
Made up of one ring of atoms = Pyrimidine Made up of two fused rings of atoms = Purine Found in RNA = Uracil Smaller in size = Purine
Match the following terms with their functions in the DNA double helix:
Sugar/phosphate links = Forms the rungs of the ladder Hydrogen bonds = Forms the backbone of DNA Base pairs = Provides structural support to DNA Nitrogenous bases = Holds the DNA molecule together
Match the following statements with the correct function of DNA:
Carries hereditary information = Genes Provides a blueprint for protein synthesis = Blueprint Can replicate itself = Replication Determines the genetic code = Genetic code
Match the following terms with their characteristics:
Adenine = Has three hydrogen bonds Thymine = Has two hydrogen bonds Guanine = Has two hydrogen bonds Cytosine = Has three hydrogen bonds
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Exons = Protein-coding regions Introns = Non-coding regions
Match the following statements with the correct characteristic of DNA:
Less than 2% of human DNA codes for proteins = Non-coding DNA More than 2% of human DNA codes for proteins = Protein-coding DNA Found only in complex organisms = Non-coding DNA Found only in less complex organisms = Protein-coding DNA
Match the following components with their roles in the genetic code:
Sugar molecule = Instructs cells on protein synthesis Phosphate molecule = Provides energy for DNA synthesis Nitrogenous bases = Instructs cells on protein synthesis Histone proteins = Influences gene expression
Match the following nitrogenous bases with their occurrence in DNA:
Uracil = Only in RNA Thymine = Only in DNA Adenine = Found in both DNA and RNA Cytosine = Found in both DNA and RNA
Match the following statements with the correct function of DNA replication:
Ensures genetic code is passed on to daughter cells = Replication Provides a blueprint for protein synthesis = Blueprint Carries hereditary information = Genes Determines the sequence of nucleotides = Genetic code
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Genetic code = The sequence of nucleotides that determines the genetic information Genes = The blueprint for protein synthesis Protein synthesis = The process of creating proteins from DNA Replication = The process of creating a copy of DNA
Study Notes
Where is DNA Found?
- DNA is mainly found in the nucleus of a cell, forming part of the chromatin network.
- Small amounts of DNA are also found outside the nucleus in mitochondria and chloroplasts, known as extranuclear DNA.
Structure of DNA
- DNA is a long, twisted ladder-like molecule that forms a stable, 3-dimensional double helix.
- The DNA molecule is made up of nucleotides, which are building blocks consisting of a sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule, and a nitrogenous base.
Nucleotides
- There are four types of nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
- These four bases are the foundation of the genetic code, instructing cells on how to synthesize enzymes and other proteins.
Double Helix Structure
- The outer two strands of the ladder are formed by a chain of alternating sugar and phosphate links.
- The rungs of the ladder are formed from pairs of bases linked by weak hydrogen bonds.
- The base pairs are attached to the sugar molecules.
Base Pairing
- Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) or uracil (U) using two hydrogen bonds.
- Cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G) using three hydrogen bonds.
Classification of Nitrogenous Bases
- There are two groups of nitrogenous bases: purines and pyrimidines.
- Purines consist of two fused rings of nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen atoms (e.g. guanine and adenine).
- Pyrimidines consist of one ring of similar atoms and are smaller than purines (e.g. cytosine and uracil).
Universality of DNA
- The four nucleotides are the same in all animals and plants.
Genetic Code
- The sequence of nucleotides determines the genetic code of an organism.
- The sequence of nucleotides in certain sections of DNA in a human is different from the same sections in every other human being (except in identical twins).
Role of DNA
- DNA molecules carry hereditary information in the form of genes.
- DNA provides a blueprint for an organism's growth and development by coding for protein synthesis.
- DNA can replicate, making a copy of itself to pass on genetic information to each daughter cell during cell division.
Non-Coding DNA
- Less than 2% of human DNA codes for proteins; the rest consists of non-coding DNA.
- Non-coding regions are interrupted by protein-coding regions called exons.
- Complex organisms contain more non-coding DNA than less complex organisms.
Learn about the location of DNA in a cell, including its structure and composition within the nucleus.
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