Medical Biology 3 Altklauseren ähnlich
82 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in cell signaling?

  • Catalyzing metabolic reactions
  • Synthesizing carbohydrates
  • Phosphorylating tyrosine residues on themselves and other proteins (correct)
  • Transporting ions

    • Which process involves cells secreting signaling molecules that bind to their own cell surface or neighboring cells of the same type?

  • Exocrine signaling
  • Autocrine signaling (correct)
  • Endocrine signaling
  • Paracrine signaling

    • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in:

  • Transporting extracellular signals to the interior of the cell (correct)
  • Catalyzing metabolic reactions
  • Providing structural support
  • Synthesizing DNA

    • Ligand-gated ion channels open in response to:

    <p>The binding of a specific molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adenylyl cyclase in signal transduction?

    <p>To convert ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process allows a cell to respond to an extracellular signal?

    <p>Signal transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the termination phase of a signaling pathway?

    <p>The signaling pathway is shut down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another?

    <p>Signal transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of protein phosphatases in cell signaling?

    <p>To remove phosphate groups from proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule often acts as an intracellular second messenger in calcium signaling pathways?

    <p>Calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a ligand in cell signaling?

    <p>To bind to and activate a receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell junction is directly involved in cell-to-cell communication?

    <p>Gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cross-talk in cell signaling?

    <p>Signals from one pathway affecting another pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a G protein in cell signaling pathways?

    <p>To bind GTP and transmit signals from receptors to target proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In signal transduction, what does a 'cascade' effect refer to?

    <p>The sequential activation of multiple downstream molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the basal body in ciliated cells?

    <p>To anchor the cilium to the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intracellular transport in axons is facilitated by:

    <p>Motor proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytoskeletal components are involved in maintaining the shape and structure of the nucleus?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitotic spindle in cell division?

    <p>Producing RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do microtubules contribute to vesicle transport within a cell?

    <p>They directly synthesize vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formation of the nuclear envelope during cell division is facilitated by:

    <p>Centrosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a kinase in signal transduction?

    <p>To phosphorylate other proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormones are examples of:

    <p>Signaling molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted to a specific cellular response is known as:

    <p>Signal transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell signaling involves the release of chemical signals that affect distant cells?

    <p>Endocrine signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nitric oxide (NO) is an example of a:

    <p>Gaseous signaling molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The specificity of a signaling pathway is determined by:

    <p>The type of receptor involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is often used as a second messenger in G protein-coupled receptor pathways?

    <p>Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    17

    <p><strong>Internal signals within the cell</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cell is directly involved in the reception of signal molecules?

    <p><strong>The plasma membrane</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phosphatases in cell signaling?

    <p>To remove phosphate groups from proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the amplification of the signal from a receptor?

    <p>Signal amplification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytoskeletal component is primarily involved in the formation of cell extensions like filopodia?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of kinesin in neuronal cells?

    <p>It transports materials along microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do plant cells differ from animal cells in terms of cytoskeletal components?

    <p>Plant cells have a different type of actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of 'dynamic instability' is associated with which cytoskeletal element?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vinculin and talin are proteins that:

    <p>Link actin filaments to the extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is primarily responsible for the movement of organelles and vesicles along microtubules in nerve cells?

    <p>Kinesin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tubulin in the cytoskeleton?

    <p>It is the subunit protein of microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pseudopodia, used by some cells for movement, are primarily composed of:

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

    <p>Storing and releasing calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytoskeletal component primarily consists of podosomes and invadopodia, involved in cell adhesion and movement?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of microvilli in epithelial cells?

    <p>To increase the cell's surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do motor proteins like kinesin and dynein contribute to cell motility?

    <p>By moving vesicles and organelles along microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is commonly found at the leading edge of a moving cell?

    <p>Lamellipodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In neurons, the rapid transport of neurotransmitters down the axon is facilitated by:

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do centrioles play in the cell?

    <p>They help organize microtubules during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of stress fibers, composed of actin filaments?

    <p>Maintaining cell shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cytoskeleton contribute to cell signaling?

    <p>By transporting signaling molecules within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for the contraction of muscle cells?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the crawling movement of cells such as amoebas?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the extracellular matrix in relation to the cytoskeleton?

    <p>To anchor the cytoskeleton and transmit signals from outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during receptor internalization in cell signaling?

    <p>The receptor is removed from the cell surface and taken into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling molecule can cross the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors?

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a neurotransmitter in cell signaling?

    <p>To transmit signals across synapses between nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a signal amplification cascade benefit a cell?

    <p>It allows a small amount of signal to have a large effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

    <p>Structural support and cell motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for maintaining the cell's shape?

    <p>Intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microfilaments are mainly composed of:

    <p>Actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which motor protein typically interacts with microtubules?

    <p>Kinesin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell communication is characteristic of nerve cells?

    <p>Muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do adaptor proteins play in cell signaling pathways?

    <p>They function as receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major difference between G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)?

    <p>RTKs have enzymatic activity, while GPCRs do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule often acts as a second messenger in calcium signaling pathways?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a typical cell signaling pathway, the molecule that directly interacts with and activates the receptor is known as the:

    <p>Enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a phospholipase in signal transduction?

    <p>To transport lipids across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of enzyme adds a phosphate group to another molecule, often a protein?

    <p>Phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a scaffold protein in cell signaling?

    <p>To transport signaling molecules across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In signal transduction pathways, what is the consequence of a protein being phosphorylated?

    <p>The protein is marked for degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What second messenger is derived from ATP and used in G protein-coupled receptor pathways?

    <p>IP3 (Inositol Triphosphate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of cell surface receptors?

    <p>To transport nutrients into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitotic spindle in cell division?

    <p>Separating chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intracellular transport in axons is facilitated by:

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytoskeletal components are involved in maintaining the shape and structure of the nucleus?

    <p>Intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do microtubules contribute to vesicle transport within a cell?

    <p>They act as tracks for motor proteins carrying vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein is crucial for the contraction of the cleavage furrow during animal cell cytokinesis?

    <p>Myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the basal body in ciliated cells?

    <p>To anchor the cilium to the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Filopodia, important in cell movement and sensing the environment, mainly consist of:

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is crucial for the contraction of the cleavage furrow during animal cell cytokinesis?

    <p>Myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitotic spindle in cell division?

    <p>Separating chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytoskeletal components are involved in maintaining the shape and structure of the nucleus?

    <p>Intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the basal body in ciliated cells?

    <p>To anchor the cilium to the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser