Cell Biology Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following processes is NOT directly involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

  • Regulation of intracellular pH
  • Control of internal temperature
  • Active transport of ions to maintain concentration gradients
  • Unregulated cell division during tissue growth (correct)

A researcher is studying a newly discovered organism. Upon microscopic examination, the cells of this organism lack a nucleus but contain ribosomes. What type of cell is this organism most likely composed of?

  • Eukaryotic cell
  • Virus-infected cell
  • Undifferentiated stem cell
  • Prokaryotic cell (correct)

A cell is observed under a microscope to have a large number of lysosomes. What is the most likely function of this cell?

  • Breaking down cellular waste and debris (correct)
  • Detoxifying harmful substances
  • Generating ATP through cellular respiration
  • Synthesizing large quantities of proteins

Which of the following transport mechanisms requires the direct input of ATP to move molecules across the cell membrane?

<p>Active transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In endocrine signaling, how do signaling molecules reach their target cells?

<p>By traveling through the bloodstream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

<p>Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?

<p>Providing support and protection to the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process results in four genetically different daughter cells?

<p>Meiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

<p>Bringing amino acids to the ribosome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Biology?

The scientific study of life, exploring structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.

Cell Theory

All living organisms are composed of cells; the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.

Gene Theory

Traits are inherited through genes; specific regions of DNA that encode instructions for making proteins.

Evolution

Life evolves over time through natural selection; heritable changes in populations over generations.

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Organelles

Molecules combine to form organelles, which are the functional components of cells.

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Plasma Membrane

A selective barrier that regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell.

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Prokaryotic Cells

Lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; DNA is located in a nucleoid region.

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Nucleus

Contains the cell's DNA and controls the cell's activities.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids. Rough ER (with ribosomes) and Smooth ER (without ribosomes)

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Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; does not require energy.

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Study Notes

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