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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of cilia in a cell?
What is the primary function of cilia in a cell?
- To cause movement of the cell or surrounding fluid (correct)
- To store genetic material
- To aid in the synthesis of proteins
- To generate energy
What is the term used to describe the arrangement of microtubules in the axoneme of cilia and flagella?
What is the term used to describe the arrangement of microtubules in the axoneme of cilia and flagella?
- 9+2 array (correct)
- 8+1 array
- 6+4 array
- 7+3 array
How are eukaryotic flagella different from prokaryotic flagella?
How are eukaryotic flagella different from prokaryotic flagella?
- Eukaryotic flagella are structurally similar to cilia.
- Prokaryotic flagella have a different structure altogether. (correct)
- Prokaryotic flagella are significantly longer.
- Eukaryotic flagella have a central sheath.
Which structure gives rise to cilia and flagella?
Which structure gives rise to cilia and flagella?
What connects the central tubules in the axoneme of cilia and flagella?
What connects the central tubules in the axoneme of cilia and flagella?
What type of cellular structure is responsible for the wave-like motion of cilia?
What type of cellular structure is responsible for the wave-like motion of cilia?
What is the primary structural component that composes the core of cilia and flagella?
What is the primary structural component that composes the core of cilia and flagella?
What do the peripheral doublets in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum primarily connect to?
What do the peripheral doublets in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum primarily connect to?
In eukaryotic flagella, how are the microtubules arranged?
In eukaryotic flagella, how are the microtubules arranged?
What is the function of cilia when they work like oars?
What is the function of cilia when they work like oars?
How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ structurally?
How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ structurally?
What connects the central tubules in the axoneme directly to the radial spokes?
What connects the central tubules in the axoneme directly to the radial spokes?
What is the role of the basal bodies in the structure of cilia and flagella?
What is the role of the basal bodies in the structure of cilia and flagella?
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Study Notes
Cilia and Flagella
- Cilia and flagella are hair-like projections from the cell membrane, playing crucial roles in movement.
- Cilia function like oars, facilitating movement of the cell or moving fluids around it.
- Flagella are longer than cilia and primarily function in the propulsion of cells.
- Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess flagella, with significant structural differences between the two types.
Structural Composition
- Electron microscopy reveals that cilia and flagella are enveloped by the plasma membrane.
- The interior structure, known as the axoneme, contains microtubules organized along a central axis.
- The typical axonemal structure features a 9+2 arrangement: nine doublets of peripheral microtubules surrounding two central microtubules.
Axoneme Details
- Central microtubules are interconnected by bridges and encased in a central sheath.
- Each peripheral doublet is linked to the central sheath by radial spokes, totaling nine spokes in the axoneme.
- Peripheral doublets are further connected by linker proteins, enhancing structural integrity and function.
Basal Bodies
- Both cilia and flagella originate from basal bodies, which resemble centrioles, essential for their assembly and anchorage.
Cilia and Flagella
- Cilia and flagella are hair-like projections from the cell membrane, playing crucial roles in movement.
- Cilia function like oars, facilitating movement of the cell or moving fluids around it.
- Flagella are longer than cilia and primarily function in the propulsion of cells.
- Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess flagella, with significant structural differences between the two types.
Structural Composition
- Electron microscopy reveals that cilia and flagella are enveloped by the plasma membrane.
- The interior structure, known as the axoneme, contains microtubules organized along a central axis.
- The typical axonemal structure features a 9+2 arrangement: nine doublets of peripheral microtubules surrounding two central microtubules.
Axoneme Details
- Central microtubules are interconnected by bridges and encased in a central sheath.
- Each peripheral doublet is linked to the central sheath by radial spokes, totaling nine spokes in the axoneme.
- Peripheral doublets are further connected by linker proteins, enhancing structural integrity and function.
Basal Bodies
- Both cilia and flagella originate from basal bodies, which resemble centrioles, essential for their assembly and anchorage.
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