Cell Biology Chapter Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What structure is primarily responsible for giving a cell its shape?

  • Ribosomes
  • Cytoplasm (correct)
  • Nucleus
  • Chromatin

Which protein plays a key role in the organization of DNA during cell division?

  • Histones (correct)
  • Microtubules
  • Actin
  • Ribosomes

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?

  • Histones (correct)
  • Microtubules
  • Intermediate Filaments
  • Micro filaments

How are ribosomes transported out of the nucleus?

<p>Through nuclear pores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form does DNA take when it is not dividing?

<p>Chromatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria in the cell?

<p>Generation of cellular energy (ATP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the structural characteristic of centrioles?

<p>Composed of a 9+0 arrangement of rods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is responsible for cellular respiration?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would you expect a cell to have an increased number of mitochondria?

<p>When the cell is highly active and requires more energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the mitochondrial structure?

<p>Double membrane with an intermembrane space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

<p>Control what passes in and out of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the nucleus is responsible for ribosome production?

<p>Nucleolus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the nuclear pores?

<p>They regulate the passage of molecules, ions, and RNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural component of the nuclear envelope?

<p>Double membrane phospholipid bilayer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the nuclear lamina play in the nucleus?

<p>It provides structural support and stability to the nuclear membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following kingdoms includes organisms that are unicellular and prokaryotic?

<p>Eubacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

<p>To facilitate cell recognition and communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the endomembrane system?

<p>It consists of structures like the ER and Golgi that help transport and modify proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of microtubules found in centrioles?

<p>9+0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

<p>Membrane-bound organelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory regarding mitochondria and chloroplasts?

<p>They can replicate independently of the host cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the differences between ribosomes found in the endoplasmic reticulum and free-floating ribosomes?

<p>Ribosomes in the ER synthesize proteins for membrane-bound or secretory functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Louis Pasteur's Swan Neck Flask Experiment?

<p>It disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Membrane

A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out.

Nucleus

The 'brain' of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) and controlling cell activities.

Nuclear Envelope

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, regulating the passage of molecules and connected to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Nucleolus

A structure inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes, the protein-making factories of the cell.

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Nuclear Pores

Tiny holes in the nuclear envelope that allow molecules and ions to pass through.

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What are the three domains of life?

The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. These domains represent the highest level of classification in the biological world, grouping organisms based on fundamental cellular characteristics and evolutionary history.

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What are the four kingdoms within the domain Eukarya?

The four kingdoms within the domain Eukarya are Protista, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. These kingdoms are defined by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, and they represent diverse forms of eukaryotic life.

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What is the order of classification?

The order of classification, from broadest to most specific, is Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

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Who disproved spontaneous generation?

Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation with his swan neck flask experiment. He showed that microbes only grew in broth when exposed to air, not in broth sealed off from the environment.

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What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have both. Prokaryotes are generally smaller and simpler in structure than eukaryotes, and their DNA is located in a region called the nucleoid.

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What is the function of the plasma membrane?

The plasma membrane acts as a barrier, controlling what enters and exits the cell. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that facilitate various transport processes.

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Why are the endomembrane system's components important?

The endomembrane system consists of the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles, working together to synthesize, modify, package, and transport molecules within the cell.

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What is the difference between attached and free ribosomes?

Attached ribosomes produce proteins destined for export or to be incorporated into membranes. Free ribosomes produce proteins that will remain in the cytosol.

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What is a mitochondrion?

A bean-shaped organelle with a double membrane, responsible for generating cellular energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

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What are the main compartments of a mitochondrion?

A mitochondrion has an outer membrane, inner membrane, intermembrane space, cristae space, and matrix.

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What is cellular respiration?

The process where glucose is broken down to release energy in the form of ATP, occurring within mitochondria.

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How are centrioles involved in cell division?

Paired structures made of tubulin, they help separate chromosome pairs during cell division, pulling them to opposite ends of the cell.

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What is the arrangement of rods in a centriole?

Centrioles have a 9+0 arrangement of rods, meaning nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a ring with no central microtubule.

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What is chromatin?

Long strands of DNA found in the nucleus of non-dividing cells. It forms chromosomes when the cell prepares to divide.

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What are ribosomes and where are they made?

Small particles found throughout the cell, responsible for protein synthesis. They are created in the nucleolus.

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What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A gel-like substance that fills the cell, supporting all of the cell's inner components and helping maintain its shape.

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Describe the cytoskeleton and its components.

A network of fibers that gives the cell structure, shape, and stability. It's composed of three main components: Actin (microfilaments), Intermediate Filaments, and Tubulin (microtubules).

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What are histones and what do they do?

Proteins around which DNA wraps tightly during cell division.

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