Cell Biology Chapter 4 Quiz

<p>RER processes proteins, while SER is involved in lipid production. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesizing DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degrading macromolecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulated movement of solutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils are more potent and arrive faster, while macrophages are slower but their response is more prolonged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages release substances that promote collagen formation, leading to tissue fibrosis and scarring. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive leukocyte activity can lead to the destruction of healthy tissue, causing collateral damage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The prolonged presence of leukocytes, especially macrophages, in these diseases can worsen the inflammatory response, leading to tissue destruction and scarring. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytes can release granule enzymes and antimicrobial proteins into the extracellular space, causing damage to surrounding tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are involved in the adhesion and margination of leukocytes to the vessel walls. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytes normally attach to the vessel walls and move through them, but inflammation reduces blood flow, allowing for this process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complement system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eliminate the offending agents causing inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasodilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Response of vascular tissues to insult (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selectins and integrins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They guide leukocytes to the site of inflammation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell-derived and plasma-derived (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proliferation of blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dominant presence of macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukotrienes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytose pathogens and cellular debris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resolution and tissue repair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replication of the offending agent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activate and recruit leukocytes to the site of inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue healing by connective tissue replacement (scarring) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are involved in vascular and systemic reactions of inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COX-2 is primarily involved in inflammatory responses, while COX-1 is involved in other tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptic ulcer and acute/chronic kidney disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its mechanism of action regarding fever is unclear. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis (programmed cell death) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shunting of blood away from the skin to conserve heat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Characterized by an increase in the number of immature neutrophils. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allergic reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regeneration occurs in tissues with a high proliferative capacity, while scar formation occurs in tissues with a limited proliferative capacity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in fever development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in the number of immature neutrophils. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell binds to a specific protein molecule, triggering a cascade of caspases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cell undergoes DNA damage due to exposure to radiation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BCL2 inhibits the formation of pores in the mitochondrial membrane, preventing the release of cytochrome c. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caspases are a group of enzymes that dismantle the cell's components in a controlled manner. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves a complex series of cellular and vascular changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Redness, heat, swelling, and pain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To present antigens to other immune cells, triggering an immune response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Essential parts of a cell, each with distinct functions like energy production and protein synthesis.

Organelles responsible for energy production and initiating apoptosis through oxidative phosphorylation.

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Organelles containing digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules for cell recycling.

Programmed cell death that is a regulated process necessary for development and homeostasis.

Undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and giving rise to various cell types, crucial in regeneration.

Uncontrolled cell death due to injury or disease, leading to inflammation.

A response to injury or infection characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain; involves leukocytes.

The process by which cells ingest or destroy bacteria and debris.

White blood cells that respond quickly to infection and are the first line of defense.

White blood cells that have a slower response but last longer and aid in tissue repair.

Tissue damage caused by intense immune responses from leukocytes.

Extended activation of leukocytes can cause more damage than the microbes themselves.

Apoptosis pathway activated by death receptors recognizing antigens.

Apoptosis pathway activated internally due to stress or damage.

Series of proteolytic enzymes activated during apoptosis.

Triggers include infections, toxins, necrosis, and immune reactions.

Increased fluid delivery to injury site during inflammation.

Cells act to clear insults during inflammation.

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain indicating inflammation.

Cell death due to injury or lack of blood supply.

Inflammation of lymphatic vessels, often due to infection.

Phases include recognition, response, recruitment, destruction, termination, and repair.

Blood vessels respond to injury by increasing blood flow and permeability.

Leukocytes stick to endothelial cells to move out of blood vessels.

Movement of leukocytes through blood vessel walls into tissues.

Movement of leukocytes towards chemical signals from pathogens.

Leukocytes are recruited to eliminate pathogens and debris.

Rapid response lasting hours to days, causing fluid exudation and edema.

Long-lasting inflammation leading to tissue destruction and repair attempts.

Outcome where the offending agent is eliminated, leading to healing.

Healing by connective tissue replacement, resulting in scarring.

Substances that trigger and regulate inflammatory responses like vasodilation.

Proteins released by cells to communicate and recruit more immune cells.

Arachidonic acid derivatives involved in inflammation and pain responses.

Mediators that promote vasodilation and recruit white blood cells.

Vasoactive amine from mast cells causing vasodilation and increased permeability.

Cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and leukocyte recruitment.

Plasma-derived proteins aiding in immune responses, activating inflammation.

Workup is indicated if there is an ↑ in immature neutrophils (left shift).

An increase in lymphocytes usually caused by viral infections.

An increase in eosinophils, often related to allergic reactions.

A decrease in white blood cells that can be due to infections such as typhoid fever or certain viruses.

Symptoms like ↓ sweating, ↑ heart rate, and chills occur during inflammation.

Repair of tissue occurs through either regeneration or scar formation depending on the tissue's ability to regenerate.

Regeneration of the liver is promoted by cytokines and growth factors following tissue loss.