Cell Biology Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

  • To generate energy for the cell
  • To store genetic material
  • To synthesize proteins
  • To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell (correct)
  • Which organelle is responsible for generating energy for the cell?

  • Lysosomes
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • What is the primary function of ribosomes?

  • To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell
  • To generate energy for the cell
  • To store genetic material
  • To synthesize proteins (correct)
  • What is the primary function of lysosomes?

    <p>To break down and recycle cellular waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    <p>The presence or absence of a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a cell function?

    <p>Growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure

    • Plasma membrane: a thin, semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out.
    • Cytoplasm: a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where many cellular activities take place.
    • Nucleus: a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).
    • Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
    • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage.
    • Ribosomes: small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis.
    • Lysosomes: membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes and help break down and recycle cellular waste.

    Cell Types

    • Prokaryotic cells: lack a true nucleus and are typically small, simple cells (e.g., bacteria).
    • Eukaryotic cells: have a true nucleus and are typically larger, more complex cells (e.g., plants, animals, fungi).

    Cell Functions

    • Metabolism: the process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms.
    • Growth and development: cells can grow, divide, and differentiate to form specialized cells and tissues.
    • Response to stimuli: cells can respond to changes in their environment, such as light, temperature, and touch.
    • Reproduction: cells can divide to produce new cells, ensuring the continuation of life.

    Cell Division

    • Mitosis: the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
    • Meiosis: the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, occurring in reproductive cells.

    Cell Signaling

    • Signal transduction pathways: a series of molecular interactions that allow cells to respond to signals and stimuli.
    • Receptors: proteins on the surface of cells that bind to signaling molecules, triggering a response.
    • Signaling molecules: molecules that transmit signals between cells, such as hormones and neurotransmitters.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of cell biology, including cell structure, types of cells, cell functions, cell division, and cell signaling.

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