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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
Which organelle is responsible for generating energy for the cell?
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
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What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Which of the following is an example of a cell function?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure
- Plasma membrane: a thin, semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out.
- Cytoplasm: a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where many cellular activities take place.
- Nucleus: a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).
- Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage.
- Ribosomes: small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis.
- Lysosomes: membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes and help break down and recycle cellular waste.
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cells: lack a true nucleus and are typically small, simple cells (e.g., bacteria).
- Eukaryotic cells: have a true nucleus and are typically larger, more complex cells (e.g., plants, animals, fungi).
Cell Functions
- Metabolism: the process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms.
- Growth and development: cells can grow, divide, and differentiate to form specialized cells and tissues.
- Response to stimuli: cells can respond to changes in their environment, such as light, temperature, and touch.
- Reproduction: cells can divide to produce new cells, ensuring the continuation of life.
Cell Division
- Mitosis: the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
- Meiosis: the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, occurring in reproductive cells.
Cell Signaling
- Signal transduction pathways: a series of molecular interactions that allow cells to respond to signals and stimuli.
- Receptors: proteins on the surface of cells that bind to signaling molecules, triggering a response.
- Signaling molecules: molecules that transmit signals between cells, such as hormones and neurotransmitters.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of cell biology, including cell structure, types of cells, cell functions, cell division, and cell signaling.
