Cell Biology Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the form of DNA when a cell is not dividing?

  • Chromatin (correct)
  • Chromosomes
  • Nuclear Envelope
  • Ribosomal RNA

    • What role do mitochondria play in a cell?

  • Detoxification
  • Protein synthesis
  • DNA replication
  • Harvesting energy (correct)

    • Where does ribosome assembly begin?

  • Rough ER
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Nucleus
  • Nucleolus (correct)

    • What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

    <p>Preparing proteins for export</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Golgi apparatus is responsible for which of the following?

    <p>Processing and packaging proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

    <p>Building lipids and detoxifying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of enzymes do lysosomes contain?

    <p>Digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is involved in detoxification in the liver and kidneys?

    <p>Peroxisome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the cytosol?

    <p>Ribosomes and other small particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cytosol is made up of protein?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleus?

    <p>To direct cell activities and store DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does the plasma membrane possess?

    <p>It is selectively permeable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature does cholesterol provide to the cell membrane?

    <p>It provides membrane firmness and prevents freezing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about membrane proteins?

    <p>They help in cell recognition and moving large molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fluid mosaic model describe?

    <p>The dynamics of movement in the phospholipid bilayer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In multicellular eukaryotes, what do cells organize into?

    <p>Tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is responsible for digesting worn-out organelles within the cell?

    <p>Autophagy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT part of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the structure of cilia and flagella?

    <p>They are composed of short cylinders of microtubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions is associated with centrioles?

    <p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do plastids play in plant cells?

    <p>Photosynthesis and storage of pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure provides support and protection to plant cells?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the cytoskeleton?

    <p>It helps maintain the shape and facilitates movement of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the plant cell wall?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflects a cell's primary function?

    <p>Cell shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits a cell's size?

    <p>Surface area-to-volume ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about unicellular and multicellular organisms is correct?

    <p>Multicellular organisms consist of specialized cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Presence of membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the basic parts of a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell types includes organisms such as fungi and plants?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the cytoplasm of a cell?

    <p>Fluid, cytoskeleton, and organelles except the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first scientist to observe living cells in microorganisms?

    <p>Anton van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cell theory state about cells?

    <p>Cells are the smallest units of life and come from pre-existing cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle was concluded by Rudolf Virchow in 1855?

    <p>All cells come from other cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist concluded that all plants were composed of cells?

    <p>Theodor Schwann</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits cell size in living organisms?

    <p>The surface area-to-volume ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a basic part of a cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary relationship among cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms?

    <p>Tissues are composed of groups of cells working together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the cellular basis of life?

    <p>All living things perform chemical reactions and reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function

    • Chapter covers cell biology, cell introduction, organelles, and plant cells

    • Section 1: History of Cell Biology

      • Objectives include identifying scientists who first observed living and nonliving cells, summarizing cell theory development, stating cell theory principles, and explaining why cells are considered the basic unit of life.
      • Cell Theory: All living things are made up of one or more cells. A cell is the smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life.
      • Hooke discovered cells in cork in 1665
      • Leeuwenhoek observed living cells in microorganisms in 1673
      • Key figures in cell theory development include Matthias Schleiden (plants, 1838), Theodor Schwann (animals, 1839), and Rudolf Virchow (cell origin, 1855)
      • Cell theory states living organisms are cellular, cells are the fundamental structure and functional unit of life, and cells originate from pre-existing cells.
      • Cells are the basic unit of life because they carry out all life processes, from obtaining energy to reproduction

    • Section 2: Introduction to Cells

      • Objectives include explaining the relationship between cell shape and function, identifying factors limiting cell size, describing the three basic parts of a cell, comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and analyzing the relationship among cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
      • Cell diversity: Cell shape reflects its role.
      • Cell size is limited by surface area-to-volume ratio (smaller cells have a larger ratio, facilitating nutrient intake)
      • Three basic parts of a cell are the plasma membrane, cytoplasm (including cytosol), and nucleus.
      • Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have a single, circular chromosome. Examples include bacteria.
      • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
      • Unicellular organisms are made up of one cell, while multicellular organisms consist of many cells that specialize and work together

    • Section 3: Cell Organelles and Features

      • Objectives include describing plasma membrane structure and function, summarizing the nucleus's role, listing and describing major organelles, identifying mitochondrial characteristics, and describing cytoskeleton structure and function
      • Plasma membrane: Selectively permeable, separates internal metabolic activities from the external environment, allowing for waste excretion.
      • Phospholipid bilayer, with polar heads and nonpolar tails, forms the membrane's structural foundation. Cholesterol adds firmness and prevents freezing.
      • Membrane proteins (integral and peripheral) embedded in the bilayer perform various functions like transporting molecules or cell recognition
      • Fluid Mosaic Model: Phospholipid bilayer behaves like a fluid, not a solid; lipids and proteins move laterally, altering membrane patterns
      • Nucleus: Directs cell activities; Stores DNA. DNA exists as chromatin in non-dividing cells and condenses into chromosomes during cell division. The nucleus contains the nucleolus, responsible for ribosome synthesis.
      • Mitochondria: Harvest energy (ATP) from organic compounds. Have their own DNA (endosymbiotic origin).
      • Cytoskeleton: Provides shape and allows cells to move and maintain shape. Includes microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. These elements facilitate cell division and movement.
      • Other organelles: Ribosomes (protein synthesis), endoplasmic reticulum (rough-protein modification/packaging, smooth-lipid production, detoxification), Golgi apparatus (protein modification and packaging), vesicles (transport and storage of materials), and cytoskeleton components (cilia, flagella).

    • Section 4: Unique Features of Plant Cells

      • Objectives include listing three plant cell structures unique to plants, comparing cell wall types (primary/secondary), describing the role of the central vacuole, describing plastid functions, and identifying features distinguishing different cell types.
      • Plant cells: Have cell walls, central vacuoles, and plastids—structures not found in animal cells.
      • Cell wall: Rigid outer layer enclosing the cell membrane, offering support and protection; composed of cellulose
      • Central vacuole: Large compartment that stores water, enzymes, and waste products, maintaining turgor pressure.
      • Plastids: Specialized organelles involved in pigment storage and starch production. Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis. Chromoplasts provide color. Amyloplasts store starch.

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    Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of key concepts in cell biology with this quiz. Questions cover structures and functions of various cell components, including DNA, mitochondria, and the roles of the endoplasmic reticulum. Perfect for students studying biology at the introductory level.

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