Cell Biology Basics

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What is the basic structural and functional unit in all tissues?

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cells (correct)

Endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle in human cells contains membrane-enclosed structures with specific functions?

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondria (correct)

Lysosomes

Ribosomes

What macromolecules partly construct different human cells?

Water

Minerals

Vitamins

Nucleic acids (correct)

Which part of the cell is responsible for cell division in humans and other multicellular organisms?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is an important function of lysosomes in human cells?

Digestion of waste materials Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component is involved in maintaining cell shape and aiding in cell division?

Cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lipids in the body?

Providing insulation and storing energy Signup and view all the answers

Which cell structure actively controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell?

Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the glycocalyx in animal cells?

Provides biochemical identity at the cell surface Signup and view all the answers

Where is ribosomal RNA synthesized in a cell?

Nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleus house within its membrane-bound structure?

DNA and RNA Signup and view all the answers

In prokaryotes, where is the genetic material compacted?

Nucleoid Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes microtubules from microfilaments and intermediate filaments?

Protein type, diameter, and how they aggregate Signup and view all the answers

Which protein makes up microtubules?

Tubulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microfilaments?

Enabling cells to withstand stretching and compression Signup and view all the answers

Where are intermediate filaments abundant?

In skin and nerve cells Signup and view all the answers

Why are whitefish blastula cells preferred for studying mitosis?

They have easily visible chromosomes during cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microtubules in cellular movements?

Facilitating various cellular movements Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the S phase of interphase?

Chromosomes duplicate Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves the condensation of chromosomes making them distinguishable?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main activity of the G1 phase of interphase?

Cell grows in size Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the chromosomes during early prophase?

Condensed and distinguishable Signup and view all the answers

When does the nuclear envelope disperse in mitosis?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes have a nucleus, while eukaryotes lack one Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are bone, blood, nerve, and muscle cells?

Somatic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic composition of somatic cells?

Diploid with two copies of the genome Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes sperm and egg cells from somatic cells?

Haploid nature with one copy of the genome Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecules are important constituents of cells for biological processes?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

What can be observed in cell division where two daughter cells have the same complement of chromosomes as the parental cells?