Cell Biology Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the basic structural and functional unit in all tissues?

  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
  • Cells (correct)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle in human cells contains membrane-enclosed structures with specific functions?

  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • Lysosomes
  • Ribosomes

What macromolecules partly construct different human cells?

  • Water
  • Minerals
  • Vitamins
  • Nucleic acids (correct)

Which part of the cell is responsible for cell division in humans and other multicellular organisms?

<p>Mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important function of lysosomes in human cells?

<p>Digestion of waste materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component is involved in maintaining cell shape and aiding in cell division?

<p>Cytoskeleton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lipids in the body?

<p>Providing insulation and storing energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell structure actively controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell?

<p>Plasma membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the glycocalyx in animal cells?

<p>Provides biochemical identity at the cell surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is ribosomal RNA synthesized in a cell?

<p>Nucleolus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleus house within its membrane-bound structure?

<p>DNA and RNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In prokaryotes, where is the genetic material compacted?

<p>Nucleoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes microtubules from microfilaments and intermediate filaments?

<p>Protein type, diameter, and how they aggregate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein makes up microtubules?

<p>Tubulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microfilaments?

<p>Enabling cells to withstand stretching and compression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are intermediate filaments abundant?

<p>In skin and nerve cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are whitefish blastula cells preferred for studying mitosis?

<p>They have easily visible chromosomes during cell division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microtubules in cellular movements?

<p>Facilitating various cellular movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the S phase of interphase?

<p>Chromosomes duplicate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves the condensation of chromosomes making them distinguishable?

<p>Prophase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main activity of the G1 phase of interphase?

<p>Cell grows in size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the chromosomes during early prophase?

<p>Condensed and distinguishable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the nuclear envelope disperse in mitosis?

<p>Prophase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

<p>Prokaryotes have a nucleus, while eukaryotes lack one (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are bone, blood, nerve, and muscle cells?

<p>Somatic cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic composition of somatic cells?

<p>Diploid with two copies of the genome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes sperm and egg cells from somatic cells?

<p>Haploid nature with one copy of the genome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecules are important constituents of cells for biological processes?

<p>Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be observed in cell division where two daughter cells have the same complement of chromosomes as the parental cells?

<p>Mitosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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