Cell Biology: Apoptosis, Cancer, and Chromosomes

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of apoptosis in the body?

To repair damaged tissues

To eliminate bacteria and viruses from the body

To promote the uncontrolled growth of cells

To remove cells that are no longer functioning or are stuck in the cell cycle (correct)

Which of the following statements is true about necrosis?

It is a controlled and normal process of cell death

Cell membrane integrity is preserved during necrosis

It is always a pathological response to external factors (correct)

It induces no inflammation in the surrounding tissue

What does the P53 gene primarily regulate?

Cell cycle and prevention of cancerous tumor formation (correct)

Nutritive functions for cell growth

Chromosomal abnormalities

The production of blood cells

Which process describes the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones?

Angiogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a benign tumor from a malignant tumor?

Benign tumors do not spread to other tissues and organs Signup and view all the answers

What is aneuploidy?

A disorder caused by the non-disjunction of chromosomes during meiosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

Necrosis involves inflammation and cell rupture, unlike apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of a cell undergoing apoptosis?

Formation of apoptotic bodies Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by the absence of one X chromosome?

Turner syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is also known as Trisomy 21?

Down syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign of Edwards syndrome?

Overlapping fingers and webbed toes Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is associated with a distinctive cat-like cry?

Cri-du-chat syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What chromosomal abnormality is identified by a missing part of the fifth chromosome?

Cri-du-chat syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not classified as a trisomy?

Klinefelter syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical feature of individuals with Turner syndrome?

Wide-spaced nipples Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is characterized by low birth weight and small head size?

Edwards syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Death

Two main types: Apoptosis and Necrosis
Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a controlled process
Necrosis is a form of cell death caused by external factors like injury or toxins, and is uncontrolled

Cancer

Uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth
Tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous)
Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Aneuploidy is a condition where a cell has an incorrect number of chromosomes
- Hypoploidy is when the chromosome number is lower than normal (e.g., Monosomy: 2n-1)
- Hyperploidy is when the chromosome number is higher than normal (e.g., Trisomy: 2n+1)
- Nondisjunction during meiosis can lead to aneuploidy

Monosomy

Turner Syndrome (XO) is a condition where one of the X chromosomes is missing
- Symptoms include short stature, wide neck, broad chest, low hairline, etc.

Cri-du-chat Syndrome (5p minus syndrome)

Deletion on the short arm of chromosome 5
Symptoms include high-pitched cry, mental disability, delayed development, and distinctive facial features

Trisomy

Autosomal Trisomies:
- Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) has distinct physical features
- Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18) leads to low birth weight, small head, and overlapping fingers
- Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13) includes cleft lip, small eyes, or absence of eyes
Sex-related Trisomies:
- Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
- Jacob syndrome (XYY)
- Super Female (XXX)

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Description

Explore the critical concepts of cell death, cancer, and chromosomal abnormalities in this quiz. Learn the differences between apoptosis and necrosis, understand the implications of tumors, and examine conditions like aneuploidy and Turner Syndrome. Test your knowledge on these essential topics in cell biology.