10 Questions
¿Cuál es la función principal de la membrana plasmática en una célula?
Separar la célula de su entorno
¿Qué es el citosqueleto en una célula?
Una red de filamentos que proporciona soporte estructural y forma
¿Cuál es el proceso por el cual las células generan energía a partir de la glucosa?
Respiración celular
¿Qué es la ley de la segregación?
La ley que establece que los alelos se separan durante la formación de gametos
¿Qué es el modelo de doble hélice de la estructura del ADN?
Dos cadenas de nucleótidos que se entrelazan
¿Qué es la transcripción en el proceso de expresión génica?
El proceso de crear ARN a partir de una secuencia de ADN
¿Qué son los lisosomas?
Orgánulos que contienen enzimas digestivas
¿Qué es la epigénesis?
El estudio de las modificaciones heredables en la expresión génica que no implican cambios en la secuencia de ADN
¿Qué es la mitosis?
El proceso de la división celular que resulta en dos células hijas idénticas
¿Qué es el ribosoma?
Un sitio de síntesis de proteínas
Study Notes
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
- Plasma membrane: phospholipid bilayer that separates cell from environment
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside cell where metabolic reactions occur
- Nucleus: membrane-bound organelle that contains DNA
- Mitochondria: organelles responsible for cellular respiration and energy production
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes
- Golgi apparatus: involved in protein modification and secretion
- Cytoskeleton: network of filaments that provides structural support and shape
Cellular Processes
- Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
- Cellular respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
- Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
- Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells (gametes)
Genetics
Mendelian Genetics
- Laws of Inheritance:
- Law of Segregation: alleles separate during gamete formation
- Law of Independent Assortment: alleles for different traits are sorted independently
- Law of Dominance: dominant alleles are expressed over recessive alleles
- Punnett Squares: graphical representation of probability of genotypes and phenotypes
DNA Structure and Function
- Double helix model: two complementary strands of nucleotides that twist together
- Nucleotides: building blocks of DNA that consist of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
- Genetic code: sequence of nucleotides that determines amino acid sequence
- Replication: process of creating an exact copy of DNA
- Transcription: process of creating RNA from DNA template
- Translation: process of creating protein from RNA sequence
Gene Expression and Regulation
- Gene expression: process of converting genetic information into functional product
- Gene regulation: mechanisms that control gene expression
- Epigenetics: study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve DNA sequence changes
Test your knowledge of cell biology, including cell structure and processes, and genetics, including Mendelian genetics, DNA structure and function, and gene expression and regulation.
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