Cell Biology and Genetics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál es la función principal de la membrana plasmática en una célula?

  • Sintetizar proteínas
  • Regulación de la temperatura celular
  • Proteger el núcleo de daños
  • Separar la célula de su entorno (correct)

¿Qué es el citosqueleto en una célula?

  • Una red de filamentos que proporciona soporte estructural y forma (correct)
  • Un orgánulo responsable de la respiración celular
  • Un sitio de síntesis de proteínas
  • Un orgánulo que contiene enzimas digestivas

¿Cuál es el proceso por el cual las células generan energía a partir de la glucosa?

  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis
  • Fotosíntesis
  • Respiración celular (correct)

¿Qué es la ley de la segregación?

<p>La ley que establece que los alelos se separan durante la formación de gametos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué es el modelo de doble hélice de la estructura del ADN?

<p>Dos cadenas de nucleótidos que se entrelazan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué es la transcripción en el proceso de expresión génica?

<p>El proceso de crear ARN a partir de una secuencia de ADN (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué son los lisosomas?

<p>Orgánulos que contienen enzimas digestivas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué es la epigénesis?

<p>El estudio de las modificaciones heredables en la expresión génica que no implican cambios en la secuencia de ADN (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué es la mitosis?

<p>El proceso de la división celular que resulta en dos células hijas idénticas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué es el ribosoma?

<p>Un sitio de síntesis de proteínas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Cell Biology

Cell Structure

  • Plasma membrane: phospholipid bilayer that separates cell from environment
  • Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside cell where metabolic reactions occur
  • Nucleus: membrane-bound organelle that contains DNA
  • Mitochondria: organelles responsible for cellular respiration and energy production
  • Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
  • Lysosomes: membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes
  • Golgi apparatus: involved in protein modification and secretion
  • Cytoskeleton: network of filaments that provides structural support and shape

Cellular Processes

  • Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
  • Cellular respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
  • Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
  • Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells (gametes)

Genetics

Mendelian Genetics

  • Laws of Inheritance:
    • Law of Segregation: alleles separate during gamete formation
    • Law of Independent Assortment: alleles for different traits are sorted independently
    • Law of Dominance: dominant alleles are expressed over recessive alleles
  • Punnett Squares: graphical representation of probability of genotypes and phenotypes

DNA Structure and Function

  • Double helix model: two complementary strands of nucleotides that twist together
  • Nucleotides: building blocks of DNA that consist of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
  • Genetic code: sequence of nucleotides that determines amino acid sequence
  • Replication: process of creating an exact copy of DNA
  • Transcription: process of creating RNA from DNA template
  • Translation: process of creating protein from RNA sequence

Gene Expression and Regulation

  • Gene expression: process of converting genetic information into functional product
  • Gene regulation: mechanisms that control gene expression
  • Epigenetics: study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve DNA sequence changes

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