Cell Biology and COVID-19 Overview
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Cell Biology and COVID-19 Overview

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Questions and Answers

O2 particles are small and polar in nature.

  • False (correct)
  • True

    • Certain immune cells produce large amounts of chemical substances, important for immune responses. Secretion of such products will occur via which of the following?

  • Exocytosis (correct)
  • Phagocytosis
  • Active transport
  • Receptor mediated endocytosis

    • Which of the following is true about ribosomes?

  • Each consists of one large and one small subunit. (correct)
  • They are inside the channels of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
  • Their final assembly occurs in the nucleus.
  • They are DNA complexes responsible for protein synthesis.

    • Which of the following statements is true?

    <p>The nucleoplasm is the semifluid part of the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements concerning the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are true?

    <p>Rough ER synthesizes proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lower production of steroid hormones in some cells could be attributed to a fault in which of the following?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 2+9 array is observed in which of the following cell structures?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell structure is involved in linking cells together by forming special junctions?

    <p>Intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Actin filaments constitute a large component of which of the following?

    <p>Muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The need for higher doses of medication is usually a result of increased detoxification within cells. Which of the following would have increased in such cases?

    <p>Peroxisomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    COVID-19 virus is an RNA virus. Which of the following would be true of this virus?

    <p>Thymine nucleotides are not found in its structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following makes the plasma membrane less deformable?

    <p>Membrane cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a race, why is it safer for marathon runners to take sports drinks which usually contain 8% carbohydrates rather than drinking pure water?

    <p>Containing carbohydrates makes the sports drinks isotonic to the cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription factors are proteins that the cell uses to read DNA at the beginning of genes. Which of the following is responsible for synthesizing these factors?

    <p>Free Floating Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cell membrane proteins act as digestive enzymes?

    <p>Peripheral proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cellular disorder results in cells which modify large amounts of proteins but cannot secrete them. Which of the following organelles is likely to be the source of the problem?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Defect in which of the following leads to muscular dystrophy; a disease that causes muscles to be weak and affects a person’s ability to perform daily tasks?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smoking damages the lungs by affecting which epithelial cell structure responsible for sweeping the airways?

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct about the displayed image (the molecules move outside to inside)?

    <p>Molecule A is lipid soluble.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The products of the endoplasmic reticulum are transported to the Golgi apparatus by:

    <p>Vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in the liver cells is expected to target and detoxify plant compounds?

    <p>Peroxisome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle cells would be expected to have more _______ and ________ than most other animal cells.

    <p>Glycogen; mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following organelles is involved in the production of proteins that are exported from the cell?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the removal of other damaged organelles and cellular debris?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on its surface and is therefore the site of protein synthesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To increase the surface area of some cells, the plasma membrane possesses:

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The matrix of bones consists primarily of hard deposits of __________ and __________.

    <p>Calcium; phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle cells have many nuclei?

    <p>Skeletal muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells produce histamine?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If red blood cells are placed in distilled water, the cells will be:

    <p>Burst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Large molecules are engulfed by the cell by:

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the extracellular fluid is higher than the intracellular fluid, the intracellular fluid is:

    <p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skin epidermis consists of:

    <p>Stratified squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Steroid hormones pass the plasma membrane directly by:

    <p>Simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose passes the plasma membrane by:

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The water-soluble molecules enter the cell by:

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structure that is not divided during cytokinesis:

    <p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concentration of external fluid is greater than the internal. The internal is considered:

    <p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pinocytosis is:

    <p>Take in fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes produced?

    <p>In the nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the heads of phospholipids?

    <p>Water-soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells lose water if they are placed in:

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asymmetrical or unequal division occurs in:

    <p>Oogonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum synthesizes:

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins that anchor the organelles and help the cell move:

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lysosomes are derived from:

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The correct way to transport insulin to outside of the cell is:

    <p>RER, SER, transport vesicle, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicle, cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skeletal muscle is striated due to:

    <p>Actin and myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cleavage furrow is formed by:

    <p>Actin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autosome pairs are considered:

    <p>Homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'residual bodies' refers to:

    <p>Lysosomes filled with digested cellular waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some cells of adrenal glands produce steroid hormones. Which organelle is abundant in these cells?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following transmembrane proteins share double roles as force channels and recognition proteins?

    <p>Dopamine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should we wash blood on the floor with water instead of alcohol?

    <p>Because the water is hypotonic, it will get inside the cells and it will breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular organelle is especially important in phagocytic white blood cells?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about ribosomes?

    <p>They are found in a smaller case in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is common between Golgi bodies and Rough ER?

    <p>Information of vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    COVID-19 Virus

    • COVID-19 is caused by a virus
    • The COVID-19 virus is an RNA virus

    Virus Structure

    • Viruses contain deoxyribose sugar in their nucleic acid structure.
    • Viruses can have a double-stranded nucleic acid structure.
    • Viruses do not contain uracil nucleotides in their structure.
    • Viruses do contain thymine nucleotides in their structure.

    Plasma Membrane

    • Cholesterol makes the plasma membrane less deformable.

    Cellular Processes

    • Marathon runners should drink sports drinks with carbohydrates because they help make the drinks isotonic to the cells.
    • Free floating ribosomes synthesize transcription factors.
    • Peripheral proteins act as digestive enzymes in cell membranes.
    • The Golgi apparatus modifies and secretes proteins, a defect in this organelle can lead to issues with protein secretion.
    • Microfilaments play a vital role in muscle function, a defect in them can lead to muscular dystrophy.
    • Cilia are responsible for sweeping airways, smoking can damage them.

    Cellular Transport

    • Lipid-soluble molecules can move across the cell membrane.

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    Description

    Explore the intricate details of cell biology, including the structure of viruses and their relationship to diseases like COVID-19. This quiz covers the composition of plasma membranes, cellular processes, and the role of key organelles in maintaining cellular function.

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