58 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a type of biological product manufactured through biomanufacturing?
Antibiotics
What is the first step in Research and Development for manufacturing a therapeutic protein?
Identifying the drug target
What is the purpose of creating a cell line in the process of biomanufacturing?
To produce the therapeutic protein
Which of the following is NOT one of the sections in the Biomanufacturing class?
Downstream Bioprocessing
What are biological products made from living cells called?
Biologic product
Which type of cell is used to manufacture insulin?
Prokaryotic cell
Which type of cell is used to manufacture Humira?
Eukaryotic cell
What is the purpose of using an antibiotic-resistant gene in the plasmid?
To kill off the bacteria that do not contain the plasmid
How are plasmids transferred into bacterial cells?
Through heat shock
Why are liposomes used to transfer plasmids into mammalian cells?
Mammalian cells are more sensitive to environmental changes
During upstream bioprocessing, what is the goal of growing production cells in increasingly larger bioreactors?
To maximize the number of cells producing the maximum amount of product
What is the purpose of the production cells in the bioreactor?
To produce most products
What happens when the bioreactor operates at maximum capacity?
The maximum number of cells are producing the maximum amount of product
What is the purpose of upstream bioprocessing?
To grow production cells in increasingly larger bioreactors
What is the result of the steps taken in upstream bioprocessing?
The maximum number of cells are producing the maximum amount of product
Which type of cell is used to manufacture small, simple biologics?
Prokaryotic cell
What is the reproduction time difference between bacterial cells and mammalian cells?
Bacterial cells divide every 20 to 30 minutes, while mammalian cells divide once a day on average.
Why are mammalian cells more difficult to work with compared to bacterial cells?
Mammalian cells are more sensitive to changes in the cell culture environment.
What type of cell line must be used to create therapeutic monoclonal antibodies?
Eukaryotic cell line
Which mammalian cell line is currently the most common in biomanufacturing?
Chines Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line
Which of the following is NOT a goal of upstream bioprocessing?
Optimizing media composition
What is a bioreactor used for in upstream bioprocessing?
Growing organisms under controlled conditions
What is the purpose of scale-up in upstream bioprocessing?
To obtain optimum cell growth and protein production
What is the role of bioreactors in upstream bioprocessing?
Growing cell cultures in large volumes
Which of the following is the purpose of cell banking?
To store cells for future use in the production of biologic drugs
Why is it important to go back to the original cell line?
Cells grow and change with time, so the original cell line must be accessed for consistency
What is the difference between a master cell bank and a working cell bank?
Master cell banks are used for long-term storage, while working cell banks are used for starting manufacturing campaigns
What is upstream bioprocessing?
The process of growing biological materials under controlled conditions to manufacture certain types of products
Which of the following is NOT a step in Research and Development for manufacturing a therapeutic protein?
Creating a cell line that will produce the protein
What is the purpose of a cell line in the process of biomanufacturing?
To produce the therapeutic protein
Which of the following is NOT a type of biological product manufactured through biomanufacturing?
Antibiotics
What are biological products made from living cells called?
Biologics
What is the purpose of cell banking in biomanufacturing?
To store cell lines
Which type of cells are used in upstream bioprocessing?
Mammalian cells
What is the purpose of downstream bioprocessing?
To produce the maximum amount of product
What is the goal of upstream bioprocessing?
To grow production cells in increasingly larger bioreactors
What is the maximum capacity of the bioreactor?
The maximum number of cells
What occurs during the first half of a campaign?
Upstream bioprocessing
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when designing growth media for upstream bioprocessing?
concentration of carbohydrates
What is the purpose of a bioreactor in upstream bioprocessing?
To optimize cell density and viability
What is the purpose of scale-up in upstream bioprocessing?
To produce large volumes of protein-producing cells
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for growth media in upstream bioprocessing?
Containing chemicals, viruses, and bacteria
What is the purpose of optimizing cell density and viability in upstream bioprocessing?
To obtain consistent product
Which of the following methods is used to transfer a plasmid into bacterial cells?
Heat shock and electroporation
What is the purpose of the antibiotic-resistant gene in the plasmid?
To kill off bacteria that do not contain the plasmid
Why are mammalian cells more difficult to work with compared to bacterial cells?
They are more sensitive to environmental changes
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do
What is the purpose of cell lines in biomanufacturing?
To produce a particular product, such as therapeutic proteins
Which of the following is a reason why cell banking is necessary in biomanufacturing?
To ensure the same therapeutic protein is made each time
What is the purpose of creating a master cell bank in biomanufacturing?
To create a few hundred vials of cells
What is the purpose of creating a working cell bank in biomanufacturing?
To create a few million cells
Why is it important to access the original cell line in biomanufacturing?
To ensure the same therapeutic protein is made each time
What is upstream bioprocessing in biomanufacturing?
The process of growing biological materials under controlled conditions
Which type of cell is commonly used in biomanufacturing to produce monoclonal antibodies?
CHO cells
What is the main difference between bacterial cells and mammalian cells in terms of growth and division?
Bacterial cells divide every 20 to 30 minutes, while mammalian cells divide once a day on average.
Why are mammalian cells more sensitive to changes in the cell culture environment compared to bacterial cells?
Mammalian cells have a more complex structure than bacterial cells.
Why are mammalian cells used to create large, complex proteins that require post-translational modifications?
Mammalian cells can perform post-therapeutic modifications.
What is the purpose of adding an essential nutrient gene to the plasmid used in mammalian cell biomanufacturing?
To ensure only cells that produce the nutrient can survive.
Test your knowledge on cell banks and cell line establishment in this quiz. Learn about the importance of cell banking for drug safety and efficacy, and compare the master cell bank with the working cell bank. Explore the process of identifying the best clone in a cell line.
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