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Questions and Answers
What does DNA direct in the process of gene expression?
What does DNA direct in the process of gene expression?
- Protein synthesis (correct)
- Nutrient absorption
- Cell division
- Energy production
Which component is NOT part of a nucleotide?
Which component is NOT part of a nucleotide?
- Nitrogenous base
- Amino acid (correct)
- Phosphate group
- 5-carbon sugar
Where does transcription occur within the cell?
Where does transcription occur within the cell?
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosome
- Nucleus (correct)
Which base pairs with adenine in RNA during transcription?
Which base pairs with adenine in RNA during transcription?
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What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in gene expression?
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in gene expression?
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What distinguishes a gene from a nucleotide?
What distinguishes a gene from a nucleotide?
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Which pairing is correct during DNA and RNA base pairing?
Which pairing is correct during DNA and RNA base pairing?
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Which statement about DNA structure is accurate?
Which statement about DNA structure is accurate?
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What process follows transcription in gene expression?
What process follows transcription in gene expression?
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Study Notes
DNA Structure
- DNA serves as the blueprint for protein synthesis, known as gene expression.
- Composed of nucleotides, DNA forms two strands resembling a twisted ladder.
- Each nucleotide includes a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
- Nucleotides on opposing strands bond specifically to each other, ensuring a stable structure.
- A gene consists of a sequence of nucleotides that encode instructions to produce specific proteins.
Gene Expression Process
- Gene expression encompasses two main processes: transcription and translation.
- Transcription is the process of copying DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).
- Translation follows, where mRNA directs the synthesis of proteins.
Transcription Details
- Occurs in the nucleus of the cell, where DNA resides.
- DNA dictates mRNA structure during transcription, with the double helix unwinding.
- DNA nucleotides pair with complementary RNA nucleotides to form mRNA.
- DNA uses thymine (T), adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) as bases, while mRNA includes uracil (U) instead of thymine.
- Base pairing rules:
- Thymine pairs with adenine.
- Adenine pairs with uracil.
- Cytosine pairs with guanine.
- Guanine pairs with cytosine.
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