Cell Anatomy and Membrane Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which three parts can the cell be subdivided into?

  • Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus (correct)
  • Plasma Membrane, Lysosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Plasma Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria
  • Plasma Membrane, Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus

Which property does not accurately fit the cell membrane?

  • Contains embedded proteins
  • Selectively permeable
  • Contains cytoplasm
  • Rigid (correct)

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

  • Regulates cell growth, synthesizes proteins, controls cell division
  • Transports oxygen, removes waste, protects the cell
  • Contains organelles, maintains structure, helps keep intracellular space and extracellular space separate (correct)
  • Stores genetic information, produces energy, detoxifies harmful substances

How do small non-polar molecules pass through a cell membrane?

<p>Diffusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do small polar molecules pass through the cell membrane?

<p>Facilitated diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do macromolecules pass through a cell membrane?

<p>Vesicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two things make up an electrochemical gradient?

<p>Concentration gradient and electrical gradient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

<p>Movement of substances from high to low concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is active transport?

<p>Movement of substances from low to high concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a cell swells, describe the tonicity of the cell.

<p>Hypotonicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton structural proteins?

<p>Providing energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of the 2 steps in gene expression?

<p>Transcription, Translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of rRNA?

<p>Makes ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA?

<p>Carries specific amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of transcription?

<p>Breaking of DNA to serve as a template to be read (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of translation?

<p>Reading of DNA to make proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of cell division?

<p>Process by which cells reproduce themselves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of somatic cell division?

<p>A nuclear division of a body cell to produce two identical cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of cytokinesis?

<p>Cytoplasmic division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of reproductive cell division?

<p>When 2 gametes join to combine their genetic material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cell consists of all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus?

<p>Cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

<p>Characteristics shape and specific function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for housing DNA in the cell?

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the subdivisions of the cytoplasm?

<p>Cystol, Organelles, Cytoskeleton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are chromosomes?

<p>Single molecule of DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the plasma membrane made of?

<p>Phospholipids 75%, Cholesterol 20%, Glycolipids 5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a special characteristic of the plasma membrane?

<p>Both water loving and hating parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the plasma membrane?

<p>Acts as a barrier, controls flow of substances, helps identify the cell, participates in intercellular signaling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of membrane proteins?

<p>Integral proteins and peripheral proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the membrane proteins?

<p>Transport substances across the membrane, serve as receptors, and participate in cell adhesion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

<p>Enzyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does cholesterol have on membrane fluidity?

<p>Cholesterol decreases membrane fluidity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

<p>Simple diffusion is limited to small, nonpolar molecules, while facilitated diffusion can transport polar or highly charged molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of endocytosis?

<p>Binding, vesicle formation, uncoating, fusion, recycling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main phagocyte cells and where are they found?

<p>Neutrophils and macrophages, found in the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the centrosome?

<p>Cell division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Synthesis of fatty acids and steroids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi complex?

<p>Sorting and packaging of molecules for transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes?

<p>Digestion of particles in endocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitochondria?

<p>Powerhouse of the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of a receptor in the cell membrane?

<p>Recognizes specific particles for their functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does cholesterol have on membrane fluidity?

<p>Stabilizes the membrane and reduces fluidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

<p>Simple diffusion requires the assistance of integral proteins, while facilitated diffusion does not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of endocytosis?

<p>Uptake of substances into the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the Golgi complex?

<p>Sorting and packaging of molecules for transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes?

<p>Digestion of particles in endocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the centrosome?

<p>Cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitochondria?

<p>Power generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Synthesis of fatty acids and steroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of translation?

<p>Protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a subdivision of the cytoplasm?

<p>Cytoskeleton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysosomes?

<p>To break down waste materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi complex?

<p>To synthesize lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

<p>Identifying the cell to other cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of membrane proteins?

<p>Integral proteins and peripheral proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

<p>To provide structural support and facilitate cell movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitochondria?

<p>To produce energy through cellular respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

<p>Simple diffusion requires a transport protein, while facilitated diffusion does not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the subdivisions of the cytoplasm?

<p>Cystol, organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the plasma membrane made of?

<p>Phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct definition of hypertrophy?

<p>Increase in size of cells without cell division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi complex?

<p>Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of endocytosis?

<p>Taking in materials from the external environment into the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes?

<p>Breaking down cellular waste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of anaplasia?

<p>Loss of tissue differentiation and function that is characteristic of most malignancies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of atrophy?

<p>Decrease in cell size, shrinking of tissue/organ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of dysplasia?

<p>Alteration in size, shape, and organization of cell due to chronic irritation or inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of metaplasia?

<p>Transformation of one type of cell into another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of cytokinesis?

<p>Cytoplasmic division into even and equal portions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of translation?

<p>Reading of DNA to make proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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