Celestial Bodies, Stars and Asteroids

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Questions and Answers

If a planet's orbital plane is known, what measurement is needed to determine its location?

  • Its distance from other stars in its galaxy.
  • Its axial tilt relative to the equatorial plane.
  • Its speed as it orbits around the sun
  • The angle its axis makes with its orbital plane. (correct)

Why is the earth referred to as a 'blue planet'?

  • Because the soil on earth is rich in minerals that reflect blue light.
  • Because the earth's atmosphere filters other colors of light from the sun.
  • Because of the presence of significant amounts of oxygen in its atmosphere.
  • Because approximately two-thirds of the earth's surface is covered by water. (correct)

Suppose a celestial body lacks its own heat and light but is illuminated by a star. How is such a body classified??

  • Constellation
  • Planet (correct)
  • Asteroid
  • Meteoroid

Which statement accurately relates terrestrial distances to angular measures on Earth?

<p>1 degree of latitude represents a consistent distance of about 111 kilometers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of designating a Standard Meridian for a country?

<p>To establish a uniform time zone across the country, facilitating scheduling for trains and other services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If it is noon at Greenwich, what time would it be at a location 30° east of Greenwich?

<p>2:00 PM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes seasons on Earth?

<p>The Earth’s axial tilt combined with its revolution around the Sun. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do the poles experience about six months of continuous daylight and about six months of darkness?

<p>Due to the constant tilt of Earth's axis in relation to its orbital plane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor led to the reclassification of Pluto as a 'dwarf planet' by the International Astronomical Union?

<p>The discovery of other objects similar in size to Pluto in the Kuiper belt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a map uses a scale where 1 cm represents 500 km on the ground, what type of map is it?

<p>Small scale map (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a 'thematic map'?

<p>A map focusing on specific topics such as rainfall distribution or road networks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In map reading, what is the significance of conventional symbols?

<p>They offer a universal language for understanding map information, irrespective of the reader's native language. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of using a globe for studying geography?

<p>A globe is less useful for studying details of specific areas like a country or town. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate description of the Earth's shape?

<p>Geoid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the location of continents?

<p>Asia is the largest continent and lies mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Ural Mountains?

<p>They separate Asia from Europe. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hydrosphere?

<p>The total amount of water on a planet, including oceans, surface water on land, ground water, and water held as ice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause a change in the land surface?

<p>All of the options (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about great circles is most accurate?

<p>Any circle that divides the earth into two equal halves is a great circle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the density of air vary in the atmosphere?

<p>It decreases with altitude, with the greatest density at sea level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are coral reefs considered important?

<p>They contain skeletons of tiny marine animals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are deltas formed?

<p>By the deposition of sediments at the mouth of a river. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors determine the climate, vegetation, and wildlife of a region?

<p>Its diversity of physical characteristics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor underlies the great diversity found across India?

<p>Traditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a 'peninsula'?

<p>A piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If somebody is creating a building plan for a small area, which is its purpose?

<p>Detailed recording of the shape and dimensions of a small area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of map would most effectively show the different rock and soil composition across a region?

<p>Thematic map (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student is creating a simple visual aid to help a friend locate their house within the neighborhood. Which of the following would be most appropriate??

<p>A sketch map. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering India's latitudinal and longitudinal extent, which statement is accurate?

<p>The time differences across India. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do mountaineers often face breathing problems at high altitudes?

<p>Decrease in oxygen levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What processes cause the formation of alluvial deposits?

<p>Rivers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for Earth having an environment suitable for a diverse range of life forms?

<p>The presence of land, water, and air. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A landform has distinct elevated terrain. What is it?

<p>Mountains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a diagram of the Earth's structure, which layer is closest to the surface?

<p>Troposphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a tributary in the context of river systems?

<p>A vessel contributes its water to a main river by emptying into it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is a group of islands coral is located?

<p>Located in the Arabian Sea. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of natural calamities?

<p>It may fast remove earth from slopes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are Celestial Bodies?

The sun, moon, and all objects shining in the night sky.

What are Stars?

Celestial bodies that are very big and hot, made up of gases, and emit their own heat and light in large amounts.

What are Constellations?

Patterns formed by different groups of stars.

What is Saptarishi?

A group of seven stars, part of the Ursa Major constellation.

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What are Planets?

Celestial bodies that do not have their own heat and light; lit by the light of stars.

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What is The Solar System?

The name for the sun, eight planets, satellites, asteroids and meteoroids.

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What is the Earth?

The third nearest planet to the sun, slightly flattened at the poles, allowing for more ideal enviornment for life.

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What is a Geoid?

The term to describe the earth's earth-like shape.

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What is a Satellite?

A celestial body that moves around planets.

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What are Meteoroids?

Small peices of rocks and metals which move around the sun.

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What is the Milky Way Galaxy?

The galaxy that our solar system is a part of.

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What is a Map?

A representation or drawing of the earth's surface on a flat surface according to scale.

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What are Physical Maps?

Maps showing natural features of the earth (mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans.)

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What are Political Maps?

Maps showing cities, towns, villages, states, countries with their boundaries.

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What are Thematic Maps?

Thematic maps show spacific information sucs as roads, rainfall, or even forests.

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What is Scale?

The ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map.

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What is Direction?

Most maps contain an arrow marked with the letter 'N'. This indicates north.

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What are Symbols?

Third important aspect of a map which makes it possible to draw with universal understanding.

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What is a Sketch?

Drawing mainly based on memory and spot observation and not to scale; rough drawings of a area to tell where a particular place is with respect to other places.

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What is a Plan?

Drawing of a small area on a large scale which includes spacific information such as the length and breadth of a room.

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What is the Lithosphere?

The solid portion of the earth, comprising rocks and soil.

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What is the Atmosphere?

The gaseous layers surrounding the earth, containing essential gases.

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What is the Hydrosphere?

The domain of the Earth which comprises water in all its forms, that is, ice, water and water vapour.

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What is the Biosphere?

The narrow zone where land, water, and air interact and contain all forms of life.

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What are Continents?

Large landmasses on Earth, such as Asia, Africa, and North America.

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Name the Continents

Australia, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Antarctica

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What are the Ocean Basins?

Massive bodies of water surrounding continents which are all conected with eachother.

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Name the Ocean Basins

The Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.

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What is Rotation?

Movement of the earth around its axis.

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What is Revolution?

The movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit.

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What is the Axis of the Earth?

An imaginary line, makes an angle of 66½° with its orbital plane.

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What is the Orbital Plane?

The plane formed by the earth's orbit.

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What is the Circle of Illumination?

The day-night terminator; the circle that divides the day from night on the globe.

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What is an earthday?

The time in takes the earth to complete one roation around its axis in 24 hours.

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What is a ellipitical orbit?

The earth revolving around the sun in orbit.

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What is the Summer Solstice?

When direct rays of the sun are pointed directly at the Tropic of Cancer..

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What is the Winter Solstice?

When direct rays of the sun are pointed directly at the Tropic of Capricorn.

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What is Equinox?

When direct rays of the sun fall on the equator meaning neither pole is tilted.

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What is the Prime Meridian?

The meridian which passes through Greenwich, England, used as the 0° reference point for longitude.

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Study Notes

  • NCERT social science textbooks are designed to connect school life with experiences outside of school.The goal is to move away from rote learning

Key People

  • Hari Vasudevan: Chairperson of the advisory group
  • Vibha Parthasarathi: Chief Advisor for the book.

COVID-19 Impact

  • NCERT textbook content is rationalized due to the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce student workload and promote experiential learning
  • Textbook contents were rationalized to address overlapping content, difficulty levels, and irrelevance

Celestial Bodies

  • Celestial bodies emit light, are large, and are made of gases
  • Stars are celestial bodies that emit large amounts of heat and light

Asteroids

  • Asteroids are small bodies that move around the sun, They are located between Mars and Jupiter

Saturn rings

  • Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus possess rings made of small debris that can be observed using powerful telescopes.

Constellations

  • Constellations are patterns formed by various groups of stars, Ursa Major or Big Bear is included

Planets

  • Planets do not have their own heat and light, but are lit by stars
  • "Planetai" comes from the Greek term, meaning wanderers

Solar System

  • The sun, planets, satellites, asteroids, and meteoroids form the solar system
  • The sun, is the Head of the solar family

Sun

  • In Roman mythology, the sun is referred to as "Sol"
  • The sun is huge and made of extremely hot gases, located at the center
  • It supplies heat and light, binding the solar system with its pulling force
  • Despite being the nearest star, its heat isn't intensely felt due to its distance of about 150 million km

Planets and Orbits

  • The eight planets in order from the sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
  • The planets move in fixed, elongated paths called orbits
  • Mercury orbits for about 88 days

Earth

  • Earth's-twin is what Venus is considered due to the similarities in size and shape
  • 5th largest planet
  • Fifth largest planet slightly flattened at the poles
  • The round shape is called Geoid

Satellites

  • Satellites are celestial bodies that orbit planets
  • Artificial satellites are designed by scientists for communication and gathering of information, they are launched by rocket

Speed of Light

  • Light travels at 300,000 km per second
  • It takes eight minutes for sunlight to reach Earth

The Milky Way

  • The Milky Way Galaxy features a band of clustered stars
  • The solar system is a part of it

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