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Questions and Answers
What are the purposes of dynamic routing protocols? (Select all that apply)
What are the purposes of dynamic routing protocols? (Select all that apply)
- Choosing the best path to destination networks (correct)
- Ability to find a new best path if the current path is no longer available (correct)
- Maintaining up-to-date routing information (correct)
- Discovery of remote networks (correct)
How can routing protocols be classified?
How can routing protocols be classified?
By purpose, operation, and behavior.
What are the classifications of IPv4 routing protocols?
What are the classifications of IPv4 routing protocols?
RIPv1, IGRP, RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP.
What are Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP)?
What are Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP)?
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What distinguishes distance vector routing protocols?
What distinguishes distance vector routing protocols?
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Link-state routing protocols use periodic updates.
Link-state routing protocols use periodic updates.
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What is the main distinction between classful and classless routing protocols?
What is the main distinction between classful and classless routing protocols?
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Study Notes
Classifying Routing Protocols
- Routing protocols are crucial for facilitating dynamic routing within networks.
- They can be classified based on purpose, operation, and behavior.
Purpose of Dynamic Routing Protocols
- Discover remote networks and maintain up-to-date routing information.
- Choose the best paths to destination networks.
- Adapt to changes by finding new best paths when current paths are unavailable.
Classification of Routing Protocols
- By Purpose:
- Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
- Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
- By Operation:
- Distance vector protocol
- Link-state protocol
- Path-vector protocol
- By Behavior:
- Classful (legacy) protocols
- Classless protocols
IPv4 Routing Protocols
- Multiple protocols exist, with specific characteristics:
- RIPv1: IGP, distance vector, classful (legacy)
- IGRP: IGP, distance vector, classful (Cisco proprietary, deprecated)
- RIPv2: IGP, distance vector, classless
- EIGRP: IGP, distance vector, classless (Cisco developed)
- OSPF: IGP, link-state, classless
- IS-IS: IGP, link-state, classless
- BGP: EGP, path-vector, classless
IGP and EGP Routing Protocols
- Routing within an Autonomous System (AS) is done using IGPs like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, and IS-IS.
- Routing between ASes involves EGPs; BGP is the sole operational EGP critical for Internet functionality.
- Various organizations implement specific IGPs based on their size and needs, often utilizing BGP for traffic routing control.
Distance Vector Routing Protocols
- Utilize two characteristics to advertise routes:
- Distance: Metric indicators (hop count, cost, bandwidth, delay).
- Vector: Direction specifying the next-hop router or exit interface.
- Router has incomplete knowledge of the entire path; relies on neighboring routers as signposts.
- Common IPv4 distance vector IGPs include RIPv1, RIPv2, IGRP (obsolete), and EIGRP.
Link-State Routing Protocols
- Operate without periodic updates; instead, they send updates only when there is a change in topology after achieving convergence.
Classful Routing Protocols
- The primary difference between classful and classless protocols is the absence of subnet mask information in updates for classful routing protocols.
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