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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes a 'threat' in the context of network security?
Which of the following best describes a 'threat' in the context of network security?
Which of these is NOT typically considered a vector for data loss?
Which of these is NOT typically considered a vector for data loss?
Which of these is NOT a common term related to network security drivers?
Which of these is NOT a common term related to network security drivers?
What is the purpose of mitigating a risk?
What is the purpose of mitigating a risk?
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Which of these network types is typically the largest in terms of geographical coverage?
Which of these network types is typically the largest in terms of geographical coverage?
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Which network attack involves an attacker intercepting and altering communications between two parties?
Which network attack involves an attacker intercepting and altering communications between two parties?
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What is the primary function of a 'security software disabler' Trojan horse?
What is the primary function of a 'security software disabler' Trojan horse?
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Which malware type is known for its ability to self-replicate and spread rapidly across networks without requiring user interaction?
Which malware type is known for its ability to self-replicate and spread rapidly across networks without requiring user interaction?
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What is a key difference between a virus and a worm?
What is a key difference between a virus and a worm?
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The 'Code Red Worm' is described as having a cycle of propagation, what was the behaviour in the first 19 days?
The 'Code Red Worm' is described as having a cycle of propagation, what was the behaviour in the first 19 days?
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In a DDoS attack, who issues the instruction to the handler system to initiate the attack?
In a DDoS attack, who issues the instruction to the handler system to initiate the attack?
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Which of these is NOT a primary objective of network security?
Which of these is NOT a primary objective of network security?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a reconnaissance attack?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a reconnaissance attack?
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Which security concept involves ensuring that data is accessible when required?
Which security concept involves ensuring that data is accessible when required?
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What is the primary purpose of an access attack?
What is the primary purpose of an access attack?
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What primary method is used to safeguard the confidentiality of data?
What primary method is used to safeguard the confidentiality of data?
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Which of these describes the use of botnets in DDoS attacks?
Which of these describes the use of botnets in DDoS attacks?
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Which technique is primarily used to ensure data integrity?
Which technique is primarily used to ensure data integrity?
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Which of the following best exemplifies a social engineering attack technique?
Which of the following best exemplifies a social engineering attack technique?
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Which attack type involves sending a large volume of traffic to overwhelm a target and prevent legitimate users from accessing it?
Which attack type involves sending a large volume of traffic to overwhelm a target and prevent legitimate users from accessing it?
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A 'Vulnerability Broker' is a type of hacker who seeks to exploit security weaknesses for personal gain.
A 'Vulnerability Broker' is a type of hacker who seeks to exploit security weaknesses for personal gain.
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Packet sniffers are security tools used to analyze and identify potential network vulnerabilities.
Packet sniffers are security tools used to analyze and identify potential network vulnerabilities.
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The evolution of hacking tools has primarily focused on enhancing security measures and defending against threats.
The evolution of hacking tools has primarily focused on enhancing security measures and defending against threats.
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Biometric access and exit sensors are typically used for 'outside perimeter security' in a data center.
Biometric access and exit sensors are typically used for 'outside perimeter security' in a data center.
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Debuggers are primarily used for hacking operating systems by analyzing and manipulating their code.
Debuggers are primarily used for hacking operating systems by analyzing and manipulating their code.
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A 'Sniffer' is a type of network hacking attack that involves monitoring network traffic to capture data.
A 'Sniffer' is a type of network hacking attack that involves monitoring network traffic to capture data.
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The Code Red Worm is classified as a 'Trojan Horse' due to its destructive payload.
The Code Red Worm is classified as a 'Trojan Horse' due to its destructive payload.
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One of the classifications of Trojan Horses is 'Remote-access', allowing attackers to control the infected system.
One of the classifications of Trojan Horses is 'Remote-access', allowing attackers to control the infected system.
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The 'Code Red Worm' in its initial stage, targets vulnerabilities that are related to network security.
The 'Code Red Worm' in its initial stage, targets vulnerabilities that are related to network security.
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IP address spoofing involves an attacker falsely claiming to be a different computer on the network to gain access to information.
IP address spoofing involves an attacker falsely claiming to be a different computer on the network to gain access to information.
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All types of networks need to be protected to ensure security.
All types of networks need to be protected to ensure security.
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Email is not considered a vector of data loss.
Email is not considered a vector of data loss.
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A vulnerability refers to a potential threat that could exploit a weakness in a network system.
A vulnerability refers to a potential threat that could exploit a weakness in a network system.
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Data loss can occur due to improper access control measures.
Data loss can occur due to improper access control measures.
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Cloud storage devices are not typically associated with data loss risks.
Cloud storage devices are not typically associated with data loss risks.
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A DDoS attack relies on a network of infected machines known as a botnet.
A DDoS attack relies on a network of infected machines known as a botnet.
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Phishing is a type of reconnaissance attack that involves data modification.
Phishing is a type of reconnaissance attack that involves data modification.
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Access attacks may involve methods such as password attacks and IP spoofing.
Access attacks may involve methods such as password attacks and IP spoofing.
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Social engineering attacks include techniques like pretexting and tailgating.
Social engineering attacks include techniques like pretexting and tailgating.
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A smurf attack is classified as an access attack rather than a denial of service attack.
A smurf attack is classified as an access attack rather than a denial of service attack.
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Study Notes
Chapter 1: Modern Network Security Threats
- The chapter is about modern network security threats.
- Course name: CCNA Security v2.0
- Instructor: Dr. Nadhir Ben Halima
- The Cisco Networking Academy is the provider of this course.
Chapter Outline
- 1.0 Introduction: Introduction to the concepts of the topic.
- 1.1 Securing Networks: Describes the current network security landscape and why all types of networks need protection.
- 1.2 Network Threats: Discusses the evolution of network security and various hacking tools.
- 1.3 Mitigating Threats: Outlines methods and resources to protect networks, describes Cisco SecureX Architecture, and describes methods to mitigate common network attacks.
- 1.4 Summary: A summary of the chapter's objectives and key takeaways.
Section 1.1: Securing Networks
- Upon completion of this section, students will be able to:
- Describe the current network security landscape.
- Explain how all types of networks need to be protected.
Topic 1.1.1: Current State of Affairs
- Networks are targets
- Various countries and regions are affected by attacks.
- Attacker types are diverse, including:
- Script Kiddies
- Vulnerability Brokers
- Hacktivists
- Cyber Criminals
- State-Sponsored Hackers
Topic 1.1.2: Network Topology Overview
- Campus Area Networks: Includes features like AAA servers, firewalls, VPNs, IPS, switches, servers (DHCP, email, web).
- Small Office and Home Office (SOHO) Networks: Features a wireless router, layer 2 switch, and computers.
- Wide Area Networks (WANs): Features branch, regional, and SOHO sites, mobile workers, corporate, and firewalls.
- Data Centers: Security features include on-site security personnel, fences, gates, continuous video surveillance, security breach alarms, electronic motion detectors, security traps, continuous video surveillance, and biometric access and exit sensors.
Section 1.2: Network Threats
- Upon completion of this section, students will be able to:
- Describe the evolution of network security.
- Describe the various types of attack tools used by hackers.
- Describe malware.
- Explain common network attacks.
Topic 1.2.1: Who is Hacking Our Networks?
- Modern hackers have various roles (titles):
- Script Kiddies
- Vulnerability Brokers
- Hacktivists
- Cyber Criminals
- State-Sponsored Hackers
- White Hat Hackers (ethical hacking)
- Grey Hat Hackers
- Black Hat Hackers
Topic 1.2.2: Hacker Tools
- Sophistication of attack tools increased over time
- Technical knowledge needed to use tools also increased over time
Topic 1.2.3: Malware
- Viruses
- Worms: Key components include enabling vulnerability, propagation mechanism, payload. Example: Code Red Worm.
- Trojans: Types include security software disabler, remote access, data-sending, destructive, proxy, FTP, DoS.
- Other malware types include:
- ScareWare
- Spyware
- Adware
- Phishing scams
- Rootkits
Topic 1.2.4: Common Network Attacks
- Reconnaissance Attacks: Initial query of a target, ping sweep, port scan, vulnerability scanners, exploitation tools
- Access Attacks: Password attacks, port redirection, man-in-the-middle, buffer overflows, IP, MAC, DHCP spoofing.
- Social Engineering Attacks: Pretexting, phishing, spearphishing, spam, tailgating, something for something.
- Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks: Flooding the server with requests
- Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks: Using a botnet of infected machines to flood a server with requests
Section 1.3: Mitigating Threats
- Upon completion of this section, students will be able to:
- Describe methods and resources to protect the networks.
- Describe a collection of domains for network security.
- Explain the purpose of the Cisco SecureX Architecture.
- Describe the techniques used to mitigate common network attacks.
- Explain how to secure the three functional areas of Cisco routers and switches.
Topic 1.3.1: Defending the Network
- Network security professionals include:
- Chief Information Officer (CIO)
- Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
- Security Operations (SecOps) Manager
- Chief Security Officer (CSO)
- Network Security Manager
- Network Security Engineer
Topic 1.3.2: Domains of Network Security
- Risk assessment
- Security policy
- Organization of information security
- Asset management
- Human resources security
- Physical and environmental security
- Communications and operations management
- Information systems acquisition, development, and maintenance
- Access control
- Information security incident management
- Business continuity management
- Compliance
Topic 1.3.3: Network Security Policy
- Network security policies provide rules for network access.
- Remote worker access rules might need to be different from onsite employees' access rules.
Topic 1.3.4: Mitigating Common Network Threats
- Best network security practices include:
- Develop a written security policy.
- Educate employees.
- Validate identities.
- Control physical access to systems.
- Use strong passwords
- Encrypt sensitive data
- Implement security hardware and software.
- Perform regular backups.
- Shut down unnecessary services.
- Update software and operating system patches.
Topic 1.3.5: Cisco Network Foundation Protection Framework
- NFP Framework depicts how Control Plane (exchange of routing information and routing protocol, IP routing table), Data Plane (incoming/outgoing IP packets and IP Forwarding Table), and Management Plane (management process and management sessions) interact on a network device.
Section 1.4: Summary
-
Chapter Objectives:
- Explain network security.
- Describe various types of threats and attacks.
- Explain tools and procedures to mitigate the effects of malware and common network attacks.
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Description
Explore Chapter 1 of the CCNA Security v2.0 course, which delves into modern network security threats. Understand the current security landscape, various hacking tools, and methods for mitigating potential risks. Enhance your knowledge in securing networks effectively.
