CBSE Geography Classes XI & XII Syllabus 2024-25

• The document contains the CBSE geography syllabus for classes XI and XII for the academic year 2024-25, including course structure, content, prescribed books, and practical guidelines.

Syllabus Overview

• The syllabus covers a wide range of topics in physical and human geography for both Class XI and XII.
• The code number for the syllabus is 029.

Rationale for Geography

• Geography is introduced as an elective in senior secondary to broaden students' understanding of the subject for academic and daily life purposes.
• The subject explores the relationship between people and their environment at various scales, from local to global.
• Students will learn fundamental principles and apply them to case studies from India and the world

Learning Objectives

• Geography will help students familiarize with key concepts, terminology, and core principles.
• Students will learn to describe locations, correlate with geographical perspectives, and identify regional similarities/connections.
• The course aims to develop geographical skills in data collection, processing, and analysis and the ability to analyze environmental issues.

Class XI Details

• There are prescribed books for Class XI, including "Fundamentals of Physical Geography," "India, Physical Environment," and "Practical Work in Geography Part I," all published by NCERT.
• Links to the rationalized 2024-25 NCERT Social Science textbooks are available online.
• Textbooks are also available in Hindi.

Class XI: Course Structure

• The "Fundamentals of Physical Geography" course is divided into units like Geography as a Discipline, The Earth, Landforms, and Climate.
• The "India- Physical Environment" course covers topics like India's location, physiography, climate, vegetation, and natural hazards.
• Geography Practical Part I includes introduction to maps, map scale, and latitude/longitude.
• Periods and weightage are assigned to each chapter.

Class XI: Fundamentals of Physical Geography- Course Content

• Geography as a Discipline: defining geography, its scope and nature.
• The Origin and Evolution of the Earth: acquiring knowledge about the earth's origin through various theories.
• Interior of the Earth: understanding the configuration of the surface in relation to exogenic and endogenic processes.
• Distribution of Seas and Oceans: describing the theory of continental drift by Alfred Wegner.
• Geomorphic Processes: understanding exogenic and endogenic processes.
• Landforms and Their Evolution: understanding erosional and depositional agents and landforms.
• Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere: understanding atmospheric composition and structure.
• Solar Radiation, Heat Balance, and Temperature: understanding heating/cooling of the atmosphere and temperature distribution.
• Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems: learning about atmospheric circulation and forces.
• Water in the Atmosphere: understanding exchange of water between the atmosphere and the earth through various processes.
• World Climate and Climate Change: defining approaches to climate classification.
• Water (Oceans): explaining the water cycle and ocean floor features.
• Movements of Ocean Water: defining between tides and currents.
• Biodiversity and Conservation: explaining the realms, ecology and aquatic ecosystems.

Map Work (Class XI)

• Political Map of all Continents of the world.
• Major Oceans of the world: Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Southern Ocean
• Major lithospheric plates and Minor lithospheric plates, Ring of fire (Pacific Ocean), Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
• Major Hot Deserts of the world: Mojave Desert, Patagonian Desert, Sahara, Gobi Desert, Thar desert, Great Victoria desert
• India- Location: Latitudinal and Longitudinal extent
• India: Major Seas such as Black sea
• India: Ocean Current- Humboldt c. and California c

Class XII Details

• NCERT prescribes textbooks for Class XII, including Fundamentals of Human Geography, India - People and Economy, and Practical work in Geography - Part II.
• Links for Rationalized 2024-25 NCERT textbooks are provided.
• The textbooks are available in Hindi.

Class XII: Course Structure

• Focus on Human Geography, including population, development, activities (primary, secondary, tertiary), transport, and trade.
• The syllabus includes practical record book and viva voce.

Class XII: Fundamental of Human Geography- Course Content

• Human Geography: Defining and describing the nature and scope of Human Geography.
• The World Population: learning basic concepts of Population Geography.
• Understand the patterns of population distribution in the world
• Human Development: to understand the concept human development introduced by Dr. Mehbub Ul Haq and Prof. Amartya Sen.
• Primary Activities: To understand various categories of economic activities
• To develop understanding of secondary activities with emphasis on manufacturing industries.
• To understand different types of tertiary activity and its importance in the economy.
• To acquire knowledge about various modes of transport in different continents. International trade and the importance

Class XII: Map Work

• Areas of subsistence gathering
• Major areas of nomadic herding of the world
• Major areas of the world trade and transport

Class XII: India - People and Economy- Course Content

• Understanding the geographical distribution and density of population in India.
• Understanding the demographic attributes of India
• Describe the evolution of towns in India since prehistoric times.

Internal Assessment/Geography Practical Guidelines

• A practical file must be prepared by students covering all syllabus topics.
• The file should be handwritten with a cover page, index, and acknowledgment.
• All statistical diagrams and maps should be drawn neatly with headings and index.
• The practical file will be assessed during term-end practical exams.
• A written exam of 25 marks will be conducted based on the practical syllabus.
• Viva will be conducted based on the practical syllabus.
• Practical file: 03 marks
• Viva- 03 marks