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Questions and Answers
What are the five states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate
What are the characteristics of solid state of matter?
Fixed mass, volume, shape, incompressible, high density, and strong inter-particle forces of attraction.
Describe the characteristics of the liquid state of matter.
Not fixed shape but fixed volume and mass, almost incompressible, lower density than solids, and weaker inter-particle forces of attraction.
What defines the gas state of matter?
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What is the temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at atmospheric pressure called?
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Explain why gases have an indefinite shape and volume.
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What is the process of changing from solid to liquid state known as?
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Why are plasmas easily compressible?
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What is the reason solid carbon dioxide is also known as dry ice?
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What is superfluidity and why does BEC exhibit this property?
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What is latent heat in the context of states of matter?
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Explain the process of sublimation with an example.
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Study Notes
States of Matter
- There are five states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).
Solid State of Matter
- Particles are closely packed and have a fixed position.
- Particles vibrate in place but do not change their position.
- Solids have a definite shape and volume.
Liquid State of Matter
- Particles are close together but are free to move past each other.
- Particles have some freedom of motion, but are still attracted to each other.
- Liquids take the shape of their container and have a definite volume.
Gas State of Matter
- Particles are widely spaced and are free to move in any direction.
- Particles have a lot of freedom of motion and are not strongly attracted to each other.
- Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
Phase Transitions
- The temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at atmospheric pressure is called the melting point.
- The process of changing from a solid to a liquid state is known as melting.
- The process of changing from a liquid to a gas state is known as vaporization.
Properties of Gases
- Gases have an indefinite shape and volume because their particles are widely spaced and free to move in any direction.
Plasma State of Matter
- Plasmas are easily compressible because they are made up of ions and free electrons that can move freely.
Solid Carbon Dioxide
- Solid carbon dioxide is also known as dry ice because it sublimes, or changes directly from a solid to a gas, at atmospheric pressure.
Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)
- BEC is a state of matter that occurs at very low temperatures.
- BEC exhibits superfluidity, which means it has zero viscosity and can flow without resistance.
Latent Heat
- Latent heat is the energy required to change the state of a substance from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas, without changing its temperature.
Sublimation
- Sublimation is the process of changing from a solid to a gas state without going through the liquid phase.
- Example: Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) sublimes at atmospheric pressure, changing directly from a solid to a gas.
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Description
This quiz covers Chapter 1 of the CBSE Class 9 Science syllabus, focusing on the concept of matter and its characteristics. It discusses the five basic elements of matter according to Indian ancient philosophy, the characteristics of particles, and the states of matter.
