CBSE Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Climate FAQ

Hills and Summer Temperature

• Hills tend to be cooler in summer due to higher elevation, which leads to lower air pressure and temperatures.
• Increased vegetation and moisture in hilly areas also contribute to cooler microclimates.

Moderating Influence of the Sea

• Oceans regulate temperature by absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night, resulting in milder climates.
• Proximity to the sea often leads to less extreme weather and temperature fluctuations compared to continental locations.

Continentality Factor

• Continentality refers to the proximity to large landmasses or oceans, affecting temperature variation and precipitation patterns.
• Areas farther from oceans experience greater temperature extremes between summer and winter.

High Mountains and Climate

• High mountains influence climate by blocking prevailing winds, creating rain shadows on one side and increased moisture on the other.
• They can also affect temperature, as high altitudes generally experience cooler conditions.

Ocean Currents and Coastal Climate

• Ocean currents distribute heat across the globe, influencing coastal temperatures and weather patterns.
• Warm currents raise temperatures along coastlines, while cold currents lower them, impacting local climates.

Precipitation

• Precipitation is any form of water, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface.
• It is a crucial component of the water cycle, affecting ecosystems and agriculture.

Weather vs. Climate

• Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind at a specific time and place.
• Climate is the long-term average of weather patterns over an extended period (typically 30 years) in a particular region.

Elements of Weather and Climate

• Weather elements include temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and precipitation.
• Climate encompasses long-term trends and averages of these weather elements, highlighting regional patterns over decades.

Latitude and Climate

• Latitude significantly affects climate; locations closer to the equator receive more direct sunlight, resulting in warmer temperatures.
• As latitude increases towards the poles, solar energy decreases, leading to cooler climates.

Altitude and Climate

• Higher altitudes usually result in cooler temperatures due to the thinning atmosphere and lesser air pressure.
• Altitude can also influence precipitation patterns, with mountains often receiving more rainfall at higher elevations.

Temperature Gradient from Equator to Poles

• Air temperature decreases from the equator to the poles due to variations in solar insolation, affecting heating of the Earth's surface.
• The angle of sunlight striking the Earth is more direct at the equator and more oblique at higher latitudes, leading to cooler conditions.

Seasonal Divisions

• The primary factor determining seasonal divisions is the tilt of the Earth's axis, which affects the distribution of sunlight throughout the year.
• Changes in day length and solar heating define the seasonal variations experienced in different regions.

Test your knowledge on CBSE Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Climate through frequently asked questions. Explore topics like atmospheric conditions in India, reasons for wearing woollens in December, discomfort in May, and monsoon rains in June-July. Download the notes for future reference.