Causes of WWI and WWII Leaders
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Questions and Answers

What was Canada's role during the Suez Crisis in 1956?

  • To propose a UN peacekeeping force (correct)
  • To assist the Soviet Union
  • To remain neutral and inactive
  • To invade Egypt alongside the UK and France

    • Lester B. Pearson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

    False (B)

    What significant action did Canada take in the Congo?

    Participated in a peacekeeping mission

    The term _____________ refers to the excitement surrounding Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau.

    <p>Trudeaumania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their descriptions:

    <p>1972 Summit Series = Hockey competition between Canada and USSR Cuban Missile Crisis = USSR missiles found in Cuba Black Tuesday = Stock Market Crash of 1929 Avro Arrow = Cancelled advanced Canadian interceptor jet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the cancellation of the Avro Arrow?

    <p>It was considered obsolete due to missile technology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Baby Boom refers to a period of decreasing birth rates after World War II.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Canadian general that led the peacekeeping force during the Suez Crisis?

    <p>A Canadian general's name would be appropriate, but the specific name is not mentioned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____________ was a hockey series showcasing competition between Canada and the USSR.

    <p>1972 Summit Series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each event with its year:

    <p>Suez Crisis = 1956 Black Tuesday = 1929 Cuban Missile Crisis = 1962 1972 Summit Series = 1972</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the outcome of the 1972 Summit Series?

    <p>Canada won the series (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved without escalating into war.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutional change did Pierre Trudeau help achieve for Canada?

    <p>Patriation of the Constitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Baby Boom, many families began having children in large numbers after _____________.

    <p>World War II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major reason the Depression hit Canada hard?

    <p>Dependency on natural resource exports (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relief camps provided high-paying jobs without any promise of food and shelter for unemployed men.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Blitzkrieg' translate to?

    <p>Lightning war</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Dieppe Raid aimed to test the __________ defenses set up by the Nazis.

    <p>coastal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their respective years:

    <p>First atomic bomb dropped = 1945 Dieppe Raid = 1942 Germany surrenders in Europe = 1945 Munich Agreement = 1938</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the US President that authorized the use of the atomic bomb?

    <p>Harry Truman (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The appeasement policy was aimed at provoking conflict with Germany.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the estimated number of American lives potentially saved by using the atomic bomb on Japan?

    <p>500,000 to 1,000,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ Raid was a Canadian-led operation conducted in 1942.

    <p>Dieppe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tactic did Germany use for rapid territorial advances at the beginning of WWII?

    <p>Blitzkrieg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The atomic bomb was first dropped on Nagasaki three days after it was dropped on Hiroshima.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant outcomes of the Dieppe Raid for the Allies?

    <p>It provided information about German coastal defenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On May 8, 1945, Germany officially __________, marking the end of the war in Europe.

    <p>surrendered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each event with its significance:

    <p>Dieppe Raid = Learning about coastal defenses Nuclear bomb use = Forcing Japan's surrender Munich Agreement = Appeasement to avoid war Blitzkrieg = Rapid military advancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gas was first used during World War I at the Second Battle of Ypres?

    <p>Chlorine gas (A), Mustard gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Battle of the Somme resulted in significant territorial gains for the British forces.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one role that women took on during World War I.

    <p>Working in factories or making munitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1929, the New York Stock Market __________, marking the start of the Great Depression.

    <p>crashed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following battles with their significance:

    <p>Second Battle of Ypres = First use of gas warfare by Germans Battle of the Somme = Over 1 million casualties Battle of Vimy Ridge = Canada’s most important battle Battle of Passchendaele = Fought in muddy conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main concern that led to the Winnipeg General Strike in 1919?

    <p>Need for better working conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bootleggers were individuals who produced and sold alcohol legally during Prohibition.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one effect that the Great Depression had on Canada.

    <p>Massive unemployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ Five were a group of women who fought for recognition as persons under Canadian law.

    <p>Famous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Famous Five with their names:

    <p>Emily Murphy = Leader of the Famous Five Henrietta Edwards = Focused on women's rights Nellie McClung = Politician and activist Irene Parlby = Contributed to social reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which battle is recognized as Canada's most important battle during WWI?

    <p>Battle of Vimy Ridge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The government of Canada provided monetary bonuses to returning veterans after World War I.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tactic did Canadian troops use during the Battle of Vimy Ridge?

    <p>Creeping barrage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During trench warfare, the conditions in __________ led to many casualties.

    <p>no man's land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the Stock Market Crash of 1929?

    <p>Rise of the Nazi Party in Germany (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Marshall Plan?

    <p>To provide financial aid for rebuilding after WWII (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Warsaw Pact was formed to counter the establishment of NATO.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event began on August 6, 1945?

    <p>The dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Holocaust is associated with the state-sanctioned killing of __________ in Nazi-occupied Europe.

    <p>Jews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of Germany was under Soviet control after WWII?

    <p>East Germany (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan was authorized by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the 'Final Solution' in relation to the Holocaust?

    <p>The plan to exterminate all Jews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ Plan involved spending over $13 billion to rebuild Europe after WWII.

    <p>Marshall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following leaders with their relevant events:

    <p>Harry Truman = Authorized atomic bombings Franklin D. Roosevelt = Started the Manhattan Project Joseph Stalin = Leader of the USSR during the Cold War Winston Churchill = British Prime Minister during WWII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a characteristic of the Baby Boomer generation compared to previous generations?

    <p>They experienced life without major wars or depressions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ghettos were a form of housing where Jews were allowed to live freely during the Holocaust.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the youth rebellion in the 1960s?

    <p>Economic prosperity and liberal beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ Pact was established to bring Eastern European communist countries under Soviet control.

    <p>Warsaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did the atomic bombings have on Japan?

    <p>Caused Japan to surrender (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Prime Minister of Canada during World War I?

    <p>Robert Borden (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main method of warfare during WWI was aerial combat.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial spark that led to the outbreak of World War I?

    <p>The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During World War II, the Prime Minister of Canada was __________.

    <p>William Lyon Mackenzie King</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following alliances with their corresponding countries:

    <p>Triple Entente = France, UK, Russia, Serbia Triple Alliance = Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Allied Powers = US, UK, France, Russia Central Powers = Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which was NOT one of the main causes of World War I?

    <p>Isolationism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Italy remained part of the Triple Alliance throughout World War I.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main method of warfare on the Western Front during World War I?

    <p>Trench warfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the primary social causes supported by the counterculture of the 1960s?

    <p>Abortion rights and women's rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The FLQ was established to promote Quebec's integration with the rest of Canada.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event started the October Crisis in Quebec?

    <p>The kidnapping of British diplomat James Cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Korean War technically is still ongoing due to the lack of a _________.

    <p>peace treaty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical events with their descriptions:

    <p>World War One = Alliance system Korean War = US-backed coalition against communism October Crisis = FLQ kidnaps government officials World War Two = Justification of actions against tyranny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a key characteristic of hippies during the counterculture movement?

    <p>Promotion of psychedelic drug use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pierre Laporte was released by the FLQ during the October Crisis.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many people are estimated to have died during the Korean War?

    <p>Approximately 3,000,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Great Depression was alleviated partly due to the events of _________.

    <p>World War Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pierre Trudeau implement in response to the October Crisis?

    <p>The War Measures Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The October Crisis strengthened the FLQ's support in Quebec.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main outcomes of World War Two in terms of international relations?

    <p>Formation of international peacekeeping organizations like the UN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The FLQ's demands included $500,000, freeing jailed members, and _________.

    <p>radio broadcasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the military conflicts with their descriptions:

    <p>World War One = Begin of widespread militarism Korean War = Conflict between North and South Korea World War Two = Major global conflict involving multiple powers October Crisis = Domestic response to terrorism in Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of deaths caused by the Congo Civil War?

    <p>Over 6 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    World War Two had a lower death toll than the Congo Civil War.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change did World War Two help bring about regarding major powers' actions?

    <p>It helped avoid any major wars due to the war's tremendous destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The leaders of Nazi Germany imposed horrible conditions on the population of the conquered territories during the war, leading to the deliberate killing of over ___ million Jews during the Holocaust.

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical events with their outcomes:

    <p>World War Two = Liberation of oppressed people Great Depression = High unemployment Marshall Plan = Economic aid to Western Europe Congo Civil War = High death toll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a reason for justifying World War Two?

    <p>It was necessary to stop Axis powers from continuing their oppression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    World War Two played a role in ending the Great Depression.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By how much did unemployment in America decrease from the peak of the Great Depression to the end of World War Two?

    <p>From over 30% to about 1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After World War Two, many industries shifted from producing war materials to producing ___ for civilian use.

    <p>consumer goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enabled the U.S. to provide significant aid to Western Europe after World War Two?

    <p>Increased industrial growth during the war (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Cold War directly followed World War Two.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant impact of World War Two on the 20th Century?

    <p>It caused a relative peace by making powers wary of future large-scale wars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Over ___ million civilians died during World War Two due to various atrocities.

    <p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following wars with their associated consequences:

    <p>World War Two = Change in world power dynamics Congo Civil War = Massive civilian deaths Russo-Ukrainian War = Death count in the thousands Gaza War = Conflicts with less severe casualties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of Jewish concentration camps during the Nazi era?

    <p>To exploit Jews for forced labor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Holocaust resulted in the deaths of approximately 4 million Jews.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Nuremberg Laws?

    <p>Laws that discriminated against Jews and institutionalized anti-Semitic policies in Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ Ghetto was the largest of its kind during the Holocaust.

    <p>Warsaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following extermination camps with their estimated deaths:

    <p>Auschwitz = Over 1,100,000 Treblinka = Around 800,000 Sobibor = About 250,000 Belzec = Approximately 500,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 'Final Solution' refer to?

    <p>The decision to exterminate the Jewish population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The United Nations was established to prevent future genocides like the Holocaust.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main effect of the Red Scare in the United States after World War II?

    <p>Increased fear and suspicion of communism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Communism advocates for all property and resources to be owned by the __________.

    <p>government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each type of governance with its characteristics:

    <p>Communism = Government ownership of all resources and limited personal freedoms Capitalism = Private ownership and economic freedom Fascism = Authoritarian control and often nationalist policies Democracy = Rule by the majority with individual rights protected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Jews were killed during the Holocaust?

    <p>6 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Einsatzgruppen were mobile units responsible for rounding up Jews and conducting mass shootings.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine?

    <p>To contain the spread of communism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The UN helped establish Israel as a country in __________.

    <p>1947</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prime Ministers During WWI and WWII

    • WWI: Robert Borden (Conservative)
    • WWII: William Lyon Mackenzie King (Liberal)

    Causes of WWI

    • Military buildup: European powers significantly increased their military forces in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Germany had the largest army, and the UK the largest navy.
    • Alliances: Complex systems of alliances (Triple Entente and Triple Alliance) entangled European nations. Key countries in the Entente were France, UK, Belgium, Russia, Serbia, and Montenegro (later Italy and US). Triple Alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (which later switched sides).
    • Imperialism: Competition for colonies in Asia and Africa fueled tensions between European powers.
    • Nationalism: Belief in the superiority of one's own country or ethnicity led to rivalry and conflict.

    Spark of WWI

    • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914.
    • Chain reaction: Austria-Hungary's threat to invade Serbia triggered a series of alliances, drawing in Russia, France, and eventually, Britain.

    WWI Warfare

    • Trench warfare: Dominated the Western Front. Hundreds of miles of trenches, forming a "no-man's land" between opposing sides.
    • Brutal conditions: Machine guns, artillery barrages, and heavy rain created terrible conditions for soldiers.
    • Gas warfare: Chlorine and mustard gas were used to inflict harm, damaging lung tissue.
    • Canadian battles: Second Battle of Ypres, Battle of the Somme, Battle of Vimy Ridge, and Battle of Passchendaele.

    Women's Roles in WWI

    • Shift in labor demand: A shortage of men in the workforce created opportunities for women in farming, factories, munitions production, driving trucks and other work to support the war effort.

    Post-WWI Experiences of Returning Soldiers

    • Readjustment: Many struggled to readapt to civilian life due to war trauma, often labeled as "mad."
    • Financial hardship: The government initially denied monetary bonuses to veterans, hindering their return to normal life

    Winnipeg General Strike

    • Worker concerns: Workers demanded collective bargaining rights and better working conditions.

    The Famous Five

    • Emily Murphy, Henrietta Edwards, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, and Irene Parlby: Fought for the recognition of women as "persons" under Canadian law

    Bootlegging During Prohibition

    • Bootleggers were those who produced, sold, or smuggled alcohol illegally during Prohibition (1915-1921). Bootlegging was a very profitable business.

    Great Depression Trigger

    • October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday): The New York Stock Market crashed, triggering a global economic downturn.
    • Causes of Depression's Severity in Canada: Overspending, overproduction, dependence on natural resource exports, reliance on the American economy, and the Dust Bowl.

    Relief Camps

    • Government-provided work: Provided work for unemployed single men in remote northern or western locations in Canada. Conditions were often harsh.

    Appeasement Policy

    • Giving in to demands: Britain and France conceded to Hitler's demands to avoid war.
    • Examples: Austrian annexation (1938), Sudetenland annexation (1938).
    • Failure of the policy: Appeasement allowed Germany to grow stronger and more aggressive.

    Blitzkrieg

    • German war tactic: Fast, surprise attacks using speed, surprise, and powerful armour to overwhelm defenses quickly. Involves utilizing airpower and armor to quickly encircle enemy troops

    Dieppe Raid

    • Purpose: To test German coastal defenses, gather intelligence, and assess the feasibility of a seaborne invasion.
    • Outcome: A major loss for the Allies but provided valuable lessons.

    Atomic Bombs on Japan

    • US decision: President Harry Truman authorized the use to force Japan's surrender, estimating a potential cost of 500,000 to 1,000,000 American lives in an invasion.
    • Hiroshima & Nagasaki: Explosions on August 6 and 9, 1945, causing immense destruction and casualties.
    • Japanese surrender: Followed shortly after, ending WWII.

    WWII End

    • Europe: German surrender on May 8, 1945. Italy's surrender had preceded in the earlier stages of the conflict.
    • Pacific: Japanese surrender on August 15, 1945

    Jewish Concentration Camps

    • Nazi purpose: Forced labor and exploitation of Jews and other groups.

    Holocaust

    • Systematic extermination: State-sponsored genocide targeting over 6 million Jews.
    • Stages: Anti-semitism, discrimination, ghettos, concentration and extermination camps, final solution.

    United Nations

    • Purpose: International peacemaking organization formed after WWII to prevent future conflicts and maintain international peace and justice, in addition to helping Holocaust survivors.

    Red Scare

    • Fear of communism: Following WWII, concerns about the spread of communism in the Western world.

    Democracy vs. Communism

    • Communism: State ownership of resources and equal distribution, no personal freedom or individual property.
    • Capitalism: Private ownership and free markets.
    • Differences : Key differences in property ownership and distribution of resources and freedoms.

    Canada's Post-WWII Role

    • Peacekeeping role: Canada played a significant role in peacekeeping efforts around the world, notably during the Suez Crisis of 1956.

    Lester B. Pearson's Nobel Prize

    • Suez Crisis: His suggestion for a UN peacekeeping force helped prevent war during the Suez Crisis, which led to his Nobel Peace Prize.

    Trudeau's "Trudeaumania"

    • Pierre Elliot Trudeau: His charisma and policies led to great popularity.

    1972 Summit Series

    • USSR vs. Canada hockey: A series of hockey games with significant political implications.

    Cuban Missile Crisis

    • US discovery of Soviet missiles in Cuba: Led to a tense standoff.
    • Naval blockade: US attempted to prevent further Soviet weaponry from being shipped to Cuba.
    • Resolution: Agreement to remove missiles from Cuba and Turkey.

    Black Tuesday

    • October 29, 1929: Stock market crash, marking the start of the Great Depression. Loss of investor wealth and increased unemployment.
    • Bank failures: Banks failed due to inability to collect debts from those in financial hardship.

    Avro Arrow

    • Cancelled fighter jet: Canada canceled a jet plane intended to intercept Soviet bombers.

    Baby Boom

    • Increased birth rate: Following WWII, many started families, causing significant population growth.

    Marshall Plan

    • US aid to Europe: Massive financial aid program to rebuild war-torn Europe after WWII.

    Dropping of Atomic Bombs (Japan)

    • US decision: United States used atomic bombs to force Japanese surrender, with an estimated cost in lives otherwise if they invaded the islands.

    NATO

    • North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Military alliance formed by the United States and several Western European nations to counter the Soviet Union.

    Warsaw Pact

    • Soviet-led alliance: Military alliance formed by the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries to counter NATO and control the region.

    German Division (East & West)

    • Post-WWII division: Germany split into East and West, reflecting the Cold War division between Soviet-led and Western blocs.
    • Berlin Wall: Wall built around West Berlin in 1961 to stop East Germans from fleeing to the West.

    Counterculture (1960s)

    • Youth rebellion: Marked by liberal values, rejection of traditional norms.

    FLQ Crisis

    • Quebec separatist group: Terrorist organization advocating for Quebec independence in the 1960s and 1970s.

    Korean War

    • North vs. South Korea: Conflict between communist North Korea and US-backed South Korea, led to a stabilized front line not far from the original division.

    Image Analysis (Part C) - Possible Topics

    • WWI Alliance System: Images of alliance treaties, maps illustrating alliances, propaganda posters promoting national unity or loyalty.
    • 1920s (Roaring Twenties): Images of flapper culture, fashion, cars, jazz music, or consumerism.
    • WWII Nazi Imagery/Propaganda: Imagery with specific examples from specific countries.
    • Cold War (Nuclear War Prep.): Images of propaganda posters, military equipment.

    Essay Topics (Part D) - Potential points of focus

    • Canada's Independence during WWI: Canadian military and political roles, efforts to gain political independence. Mention key events and figures.
    • Justification of WWII: Analyze the causes and consequences, focusing on the morality of the Allied war effort. Discuss the importance and results of liberation from tyranny.

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    Description

    Explore the key factors that led to World War I and learn about the Prime Ministers of Canada during both World Wars. This quiz delves into military buildup, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism, as well as the pivotal events that defined these historical conflicts.

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