Causes of Neurological Conditions in Young Children

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which of the following is true about the process of development?

Parents and carers should not be believed when they are worried about their child's development
The pattern of normal development varies widely (correct)
Children develop skills at the same rate
Children develop skills in a random order

What are the learning outcomes related to developmental delay?

Recognize the Red Flags of Development in a child
Know the causes of developmental delay
Recognize the significance of developmental delay in all 4 domains
All of the above (correct)

Based on the case study, what are the concerns of the parents regarding their 9-month-old boy?

He is unable to sit without support
He does not actively reach for objects
He can coo but does not babble
All of the above (correct)

Which domain of child development involves skills such as sitting steady, walking, and running?

Gross Motor (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which milestone is typically achieved by 12 months of age?

Walks up and down stairs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'deviance' in child development?

When a child develops milestones or skills outside of the typical acquisition sequence (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are some red flags or alerts related to fine motor development?

UNABLE to hold object placed in hand by 5 months (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a red flag sign of speech and language delay in infants?

Difficulty imitating sounds and understanding verbal requests (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible cause of vision delays in children?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended next step after diagnosing a developmental delay?

Establishing a cause (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a treatable cause of developmental delay?

Cerebral palsy (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of developmental delay in children?

Neonatal jaundice (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate medical response to signs of developmental regression in a child?

Conduct an urgent medical workup (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential clue on history to identify an underlying etiology for developmental delay?

Growth parameters (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between global developmental delay and specific delay?

Global developmental delay is apparent in the first 2 years of life, while specific delay becomes apparent later (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the pattern of normal development?

Children develop skills in roughly the same order but at different rates (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of developmental delay in all 4 domains?

It may indicate a global developmental delay (D) Signup and view all the answers

How would you evaluate a 9-month-old boy who is unable to sit without support, does not actively reach for objects, and can coo but does not babble?

Refer the child to a developmental specialist (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of developmental delay in children?

Genetic abnormalities (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential cause of macrocephaly in children?

Hydrocephalus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential clue on history to identify an underlying etiology for developmental delay?

Birth asphyxia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between global developmental delay and specific delay?

Global developmental delay is apparent in the first 2 years of life, while specific delay becomes apparent later (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which domain of child development is associated with the ability to stack blocks and copy a line?

Fine Motor and Vision (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a red flag sign related to social and emotional development?

No responsive smile by 8 weeks (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of developmental delay in the prenatal period?

Cerebrovascular stroke (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'dissociations' in child development?

When a child has widely differing rates of development in different developmental domains (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a red flag sign of speech and language delay in infants?

Difficulty imitating sounds (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of vision delays in children?

Nystagmus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended next step after diagnosing a developmental delay?

Treat treatable causes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a treatable cause of developmental delay?

Cerebral palsy (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a red flag sign of developmental delay in infants?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of developmental delay in children?

Lack of parental involvement (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which domain of child development involves the ability to coo and babble?

Speech and language development (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of dissociations in child development?

When a child has widely differing rates of development in different developmental domains. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of developmental delay in the prenatal period?

Extreme prematurity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of developmental delay in all 4 domains?

It indicates a global developmental delay. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended next step after diagnosing a developmental delay?

Referral to early intervention services. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a delay in acquisition of at least 2 or more skill fields, such as gross motor, vision and fine motor, hearing and speech, and social emotional and behavior, which becomes apparent in the first 2 years of life and is likely to be associated with cognitive difficulties later on?

Global developmental delay (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of developmental delay in the prenatal period?

Birth asphyxia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a red flag sign of speech and language delay in infants?

Inability to sit without support (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential clue on history to identify an underlying etiology for developmental delay?

Frequent ear infections (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a red flag sign of speech and language delay in infants?

Difficulty imitating sounds and understanding verbal requests (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of vision delays in children?

Delayed motor development (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between global developmental delay and specific delay?

Global developmental delay affects all domains of development, while specific delay only affects one domain. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a treatable cause of developmental delay?

Cerebral palsy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a red flag sign of developmental delay in infants?

Inability to coo (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of developmental delay in the prenatal period?

Lack of parental stimulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of developmental delay in all 4 domains?

It suggests a global developmental delay (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of developmental delay in the postnatal period until 2 years old?

Metabolic disorders (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a red flag sign of social and emotional development delay in infants?

No single words by 18 months (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of developmental delay in the prenatal period?

Cerebral dysgenesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a red flag sign of fine motor development delay?

Unable to hold object placed in hand by 5 months (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a delay in acquisition of at least 2 or more skill fields, such as gross motor, vision and fine motor, hearing and speech, and social emotional and behavior, which becomes apparent in the first 2 years of life and is likely to be associated with cognitive difficulties later on?

Global developmental delay (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a red flag sign of speech and language delay in infants?

Difficulty imitating sounds and understanding verbal requests (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of developmental delay in children?

No cause found (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential clue on history to identify an underlying etiology for developmental delay?

Relatives with developmental delay (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of vision delays in children?

Refractive errors (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of vision delays in children?

Infections during pregnancy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended next step after diagnosing a developmental delay?

Multi-disciplinary development services (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended next step after diagnosing a developmental delay?

Start early intervention services (A) Signup and view all the answers

Developmental Variation

The normal acquisition of skills and milestones may occur in a predictable order however the rate of development between children can vary considerably.

Global Developmental Delay

The acquisition of developmental skills significantly delayed in multiple developmental domains, usually before the age of 2.

Specific Developmental Delay

A delay in one or two specific developmental areas, usually appearing later in childhood.

Developmental Delay

A child's developmental skills are not progressing according to typical timelines, but they may be progressing in the usual developmental sequence.