37 Questions
What is the main reason for the decline in walking speed in apparently healthy elderly subjects?
Decrease in step length
In apparently healthy elderly subjects, what causes an increased reliance on vestibular afferents?
Loss of distal proprioception
What is the preferred walking speed in those aged over 80 years, according to the text?
0.95 m/s
What is the most common neurological cause of gait disorders mentioned in the text?
Sensory ataxia
What is the characteristic of cautious gait as described in the text?
Cautious, worsening without visual input
Which type of gait disorder is characterized by unilateral extension and circumduction?
Hemispastic gait
What type of gait disorder is characterized by irregular, dance-like movements?
Choreatic gait
What type of gait disorder is characterized by weakness of foot extensors?
Steppage gait
What type of gait disorder is characterized by a drop of swinging leg?
Waddling gait
What type of gait disorder is characterized by shortened stance phase on the affected side?
Antalgic gait
What is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of death in elderly persons?
Inadvertent injuries
Which type of medication is considered an important risk factor for falls in the elderly?
Sedatives
What is regarded as an important risk factor for falls in the elderly according to newer studies?
Polypharmacy
Which of the following is NOT a general measure recommended for the prevention of falls and fall-related injuries in the elderly?
Consume excessive alcohol
What may occur in healthy persons when there is any suspected or actual threat to balance?
Shorter step length
What is a phenomenological classification of falls that may assist in the etiological classification?
Table 2
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with the 'Tripping' type of fall syndrome?
Parkinson's disease
What changes in strategies for standing and walking are induced by any suspected or actual threat to balance?
Wider stance and gait base, shorter step length, and slower walking pace
Which gender is considered a risk factor for falls?
Female
What do healthy persons experience when there is a suspected or actual threat to balance?
Increase in fear of falling and increase in the actual risk of falling
What is the purpose of the clinical examination of gait?
To provide an integrative overview of the function of structures involved in walking
Which parameter should be examined to assess the speed of walking during the clinical examination of gait?
Step length
What is the purpose of applying semiquantitative methods of gait assessment?
To provide additional information for classification of a gait disorder
What is the timed up and go (TUG) test designed to assess?
Risk of falling in geriatric patients
Why is it advisable to perform the neurological examination with most of the patient’s clothes removed?
To evaluate any orthopedic abnormalities
Which component of the clinical neurological examination may provide additional information for the classification of a gait disorder?
Unterberger’s test
What may require an otological or neuro-otological assessment during the clinical examination of gait?
'Vestibular cause of a gait disorder'
'Walking backwards' is an example of a test used for which purpose during the clinical examination of gait?
'Limping'
What is the purpose of measuring freely chosen and maximum speed over a defined distance during semiquantitative methods of gait assessment?
For diagnostic purposes
What is the significance of gait speed and gait disorders in older age?
They are indicative of future development of dementia.
Which cognitive functions contribute to walking safely?
Frontal executive functions, visuospatial perception, and attention
How does depression influence gait?
It is associated with slower gait.
What happens when elderly persons stop walking while talking?
They have a significantly higher risk of falling.
How do patients with dementia walk in relation to their motor and cognitive deficits?
They walk too fast.
What strategy do healthy persons adopt in situations where there is a risk of falling?
They prioritize maintaining balance over other tasks.
What role does cognitive functioning play in the rehabilitation of gait disorders?
It may have an essential role in the rehabilitation process.
How does anxiety influence gait?
It leads to an overly cautious gait.
Explore the history, classification, and consequences of falls in elderly persons. Learn about the pre-existing difficulties with walking and balance that commonly cause falls, and the serious injuries that can result from these falls. Gain insights into the estimated prevalence of inadvertent injuries in the elderly population.
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