Causes and Consequences of Falls in Elderly Persons
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for the decline in walking speed in apparently healthy elderly subjects?

  • Decrease in muscle power
  • Impaired vision
  • Change in cadence
  • Decrease in step length (correct)

    • In apparently healthy elderly subjects, what causes an increased reliance on vestibular afferents?

  • Impaired vision
  • Age-related body sway
  • Diminished muscle power
  • Loss of distal proprioception (correct)

    • What is the preferred walking speed in those aged over 80 years, according to the text?

  • 0.95 m/s (correct)
  • 1.0 m/s
  • 1.5 m/s
  • 1.3 m/s

    • What is the most common neurological cause of gait disorders mentioned in the text?

    <p>Sensory ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cautious gait as described in the text?

    <p>Cautious, worsening without visual input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gait disorder is characterized by unilateral extension and circumduction?

    <p>Hemispastic gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gait disorder is characterized by irregular, dance-like movements?

    <p>Choreatic gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gait disorder is characterized by weakness of foot extensors?

    <p>Steppage gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gait disorder is characterized by a drop of swinging leg?

    <p>Waddling gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gait disorder is characterized by shortened stance phase on the affected side?

    <p>Antalgic gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of death in elderly persons?

    <p>Inadvertent injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication is considered an important risk factor for falls in the elderly?

    <p>Sedatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is regarded as an important risk factor for falls in the elderly according to newer studies?

    <p>Polypharmacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a general measure recommended for the prevention of falls and fall-related injuries in the elderly?

    <p>Consume excessive alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur in healthy persons when there is any suspected or actual threat to balance?

    <p>Shorter step length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a phenomenological classification of falls that may assist in the etiological classification?

    <p>Table 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with the 'Tripping' type of fall syndrome?

    <p>Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes in strategies for standing and walking are induced by any suspected or actual threat to balance?

    <p>Wider stance and gait base, shorter step length, and slower walking pace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender is considered a risk factor for falls?

    <p>Female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do healthy persons experience when there is a suspected or actual threat to balance?

    <p>Increase in fear of falling and increase in the actual risk of falling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the clinical examination of gait?

    <p>To provide an integrative overview of the function of structures involved in walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter should be examined to assess the speed of walking during the clinical examination of gait?

    <p>Step length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying semiquantitative methods of gait assessment?

    <p>To provide additional information for classification of a gait disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the timed up and go (TUG) test designed to assess?

    <p>Risk of falling in geriatric patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it advisable to perform the neurological examination with most of the patient’s clothes removed?

    <p>To evaluate any orthopedic abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the clinical neurological examination may provide additional information for the classification of a gait disorder?

    <p>Unterberger’s test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may require an otological or neuro-otological assessment during the clinical examination of gait?

    <p>'Vestibular cause of a gait disorder'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Walking backwards' is an example of a test used for which purpose during the clinical examination of gait?

    <p>'Limping'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring freely chosen and maximum speed over a defined distance during semiquantitative methods of gait assessment?

    <p>For diagnostic purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of gait speed and gait disorders in older age?

    <p>They are indicative of future development of dementia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive functions contribute to walking safely?

    <p>Frontal executive functions, visuospatial perception, and attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does depression influence gait?

    <p>It is associated with slower gait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when elderly persons stop walking while talking?

    <p>They have a significantly higher risk of falling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do patients with dementia walk in relation to their motor and cognitive deficits?

    <p>They walk too fast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy do healthy persons adopt in situations where there is a risk of falling?

    <p>They prioritize maintaining balance over other tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cognitive functioning play in the rehabilitation of gait disorders?

    <p>It may have an essential role in the rehabilitation process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does anxiety influence gait?

    <p>It leads to an overly cautious gait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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