Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of Mackintosh's theory?
What is the primary focus of Mackintosh's theory?
- The orienting response in predictive learning
- The role of attention in associative learning (correct)
- The process of classical conditioning
- Selective association between cues and outcomes
In the study by Le Pelley et al. (2005), what was the outcome of the test phase when participants were asked to predict O3?
In the study by Le Pelley et al. (2005), what was the outcome of the test phase when participants were asked to predict O3?
- Participants were more confident that vx would produce O3 than AC
- There was no significant difference in confidence between AC and vx
- Participants were unsure about the prediction of O3
- Participants were more confident that AC would produce O3 than vx (correct)
According to the Mackintosh model, what happens to αCS when a new CS is perceived as a good predictor of the US?
According to the Mackintosh model, what happens to αCS when a new CS is perceived as a good predictor of the US?
- αCS decreases
- αCS remains unchanged
- αCS increases (correct)
- αCS becomes fixed
What is the term for the process by which cues are selectively associated with outcomes based on their predictive value?
What is the term for the process by which cues are selectively associated with outcomes based on their predictive value?
What is the term for the variable that represents the associability of a cue in the Mackintosh model?
What is the term for the variable that represents the associability of a cue in the Mackintosh model?
What is the primary difference between the Mackintosh model and the Rescorla-Wagner model?
What is the primary difference between the Mackintosh model and the Rescorla-Wagner model?
What is the fundamental assumption of Mackintosh's theory that is challenged by the Hall-Pearce effect?
What is the fundamental assumption of Mackintosh's theory that is challenged by the Hall-Pearce effect?
What is the primary goal of the Pearce-Hall model?
What is the primary goal of the Pearce-Hall model?
What is the outcome of the predictive learning of the CS in the Pearce-Hall model?
What is the outcome of the predictive learning of the CS in the Pearce-Hall model?
What is the relationship between αA and αB in Phase 1 of the Hall-Pearce experiment?
What is the relationship between αA and αB in Phase 1 of the Hall-Pearce experiment?
What is the implication of the Hall-Pearce effect on the predictive learning of the CS?
What is the implication of the Hall-Pearce effect on the predictive learning of the CS?
What is the primary difference between the Mackintosh's theory and the Pearce-Hall model?
What is the primary difference between the Mackintosh's theory and the Pearce-Hall model?
Which of the following is the primary critique of the Rescorla-Wagner model?
Which of the following is the primary critique of the Rescorla-Wagner model?
According to Mackintosh's attentional model, which of the following is true?
According to Mackintosh's attentional model, which of the following is true?
What is the primary function of the A2 component of the unconditioned eyeblink response?
What is the primary function of the A2 component of the unconditioned eyeblink response?
What is the term for the process by which a stimulus becomes associated with the context in which it is presented?
What is the term for the process by which a stimulus becomes associated with the context in which it is presented?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of classical conditioning according to the R-W model?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of classical conditioning according to the R-W model?
What is the term for the phenomenon where pre-exposure to the CS impairs subsequent conditioning?
What is the term for the phenomenon where pre-exposure to the CS impairs subsequent conditioning?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Mackintosh's Theory
- Mackintosh (1975) proposed that animals pay attention to stimuli that predict important events.
- According to Mackintosh's theory, α (associability) increases for stimuli that reliably predict the outcome.
- In Phase 1, αA increases as it reliably predicts the shock.
The Hall-Pearce Effect
- The Hall-Pearce effect (Hall & Pearce, 1979) challenges Mackintosh's theory.
- In Phase 1, αA decreases rather than increases, contradicting Mackintosh's assumption.
Pearce-Hall Model
- Pearce and Hall (1980) proposed an alternative attentional theory of learning.
- According to the Pearce-Hall model, ΔVcs = (processing of CS) (processing of US).
- Stimuli that fully predict their consequences will be processed automatically without attentional waste.
Le Pelley et al. (2005)
- Le Pelley et al. (2005) found that humans pay attention to good predictors of outcomes (allergies).
- The study supported Mackintosh's theory, showing that participants were more confident in the predictive ability of cues that were good predictors of outcomes.
Mackintosh Model
- The Mackintosh model states that ΔVcs = α (processing of CS) (processing of US).
- A new CS will have relatively high associability (α≈0.8), which increases or decreases based on the stimulus's predictive history.
R-W Model Limitations
- The Rescorla-Wagner (R-W) model has limitations, including latent inhibition.
- Latent inhibition occurs when pre-exposure to a stimulus impairs subsequent conditioning.
Wagner's Context-Stimulus Association
- Wagner (1976) proposed that associative priming of stimulus by full A1 activation of stimulus context leads to latent inhibition.
- The context—stimulus association accounts for latent inhibition.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
