Categories of Experimental Design
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Questions and Answers

What is a limitation of Pre-Experimental designs in establishing cause-and-effect relationships?

  • The independent variable is controlled
  • The independent variable doesn’t vary
  • The independent variable is manipulated too much (correct)
  • The experimental and control groups are randomly selected

Which design offers a greater degree of control and internal validity compared to Pre-Experimental designs?

  • Exploratory Designs
  • True Experimental Designs (correct)
  • Quasi-Experimental Designs
  • Observational Designs

What guarantees that any differences between groups in True Experimental designs are likely small and due only to chance?

  • Random assignment of units (correct)
  • Non-random selection of units
  • Biased selection of units
  • Deterministic assignment of units

Which factor is crucial in determining the internal validity of an experimental design?

<p>Control of the independent variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes it challenging to establish cause-and-effect relationships in Pre-Experimental designs?

<p>Non-variation of the independent variable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Pre-Experimental design, why is it not possible to show cause-and-effect relationships?

<p>The independent variable doesn’t vary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes True Experimental designs from Pre-Experimental designs?

<p>Random assignment of participants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do True Experimental designs offer a greater degree of control compared to Pre-Experimental designs?

<p>Random assignment of participants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Quasi-Experimental designs that limits the researcher’s control?

<p>Inability to ensure sample homogeneity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does random assignment of participants in True Experimental designs help ensure internal validity?

<p>It minimizes differences between groups due to chance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between Pre-Experimental and Quasi-Experimental designs?

<p>Degree of control over study variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the ability to randomly assign participants crucial in True Experimental designs?

<p>It ensures that differences between groups are likely small and due to chance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes it challenging for researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships in Quasi-Experimental designs?

<p>Inability to ensure sample homogeneity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of experimental design is more pronounced in True Experimental designs compared to Quasi-Experimental designs?

<p>Control over study variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does limited leverage and control over participant selection pose a challenge in Quasi-Experimental designs?

<p>It limits the researcher's ability to ensure sample homogeneity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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