33 Questions
Which drug can be metabolized by the liver in the blood by cholinesterases?
Articaine
Which drug has a higher risk of cardiovascular toxicity?
Ortho tolvidine
Which drug is the only amide with methemoglobinemia as a possible adverse effect?
Ortho tolvidine
Which drug has an onset time of 2-4 minutes when used to induce anesthesia?
Bupivacaine
Which drug is metabolized 90-95% by the liver and only 5-10% by esterases?
Articaine
How do hydrophilic drugs access the site of action?
Being dissolved in aqueous solutions
What is the main difference in the factors involved in the coagulation cascade between thrombolytics and antithrombolytics?
Factors II, V, IX, and X are involved in thrombolytics, while antithrombolytics utilize factors I, II, V, and VIII.
What factor determines the duration of action of drugs?
Protein binding capacity
What is the primary mechanism of action of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in breaking down blood clots?
Directly converting plasminogen to plasmin for fibrin proteolysis.
Which drug is NOT recommended as a first-line antiplatelet therapy?
Ibuprofen
Which factor is targeted by antithrombolytics like aminocaproic acid to maintain fibrin blood clots?
Factor VIII
What is the role of aminocaproic acid (ACA) in relation to plasminogen and plasmin?
Inhibits the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to maintain fibrin blood clots.
How are Mepivacaine and Lidocaine metabolized in the body?
CYP3A4 mediated metabolism
Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with Mepivacaine and Lidocaine?
Angioderma
What is the onset time for Ester local anesthetics like Benzocaine?
5-10 minutes
What is the target International Normalized Ratio (INR) for dental procedures to minimize significant bleeding?
$2$
Why should Vasoconstrictors be avoided with Mepivacaine and Lidocaine?
Increase shivering
Which enzyme is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
Cyclooxygenase 2
Which NSAID is an irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 1 used for antiplatelet prophylaxis?
Acetaminophen
What pain reliever would be recommended to Mrs. Jennings, who is allergic to over-the-counter pain relievers like aspirin?
Diflunisal
Which inhalation anesthetic cannot be used for induction due to causing cough and laryngospasm?
Desflurane
What adverse effects are associated with Sevoflurane, as mentioned in the text?
Reproductive toxicity
What is a potential consideration for pain management in a recovering heroin addict like Mr. Anderson?
Avoidance of acetaminophen due to hepatic toxicity risk
Which drug acts by inhibiting the peripheral metabolism of methyldopa?
Entacapone
What common side effect is associated with MAO inhibitors according to the text?
Orthostatic hypotension and dizziness upon standing
Which drug trade name corresponds to the generic name Bromocriptine?
Parlodel
What is a potential CNS toxicity associated with the drug Tolcapone?
Delirium and confusion
Which neurotransmitter balance is restored by Anticholinergic Drugs according to the text?
Dopamine
What medication is more periphery-selective but can also act in the CNS?
Tolcapone
Which drug listed may lead to sensitization to epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias?
Carbidopa
What effect do anti-Histamines have on gastric acid according to the text?
Decreases gastric acid secretion and increases pH
What is a common side effect associated with ACE inhibitors?
Dry cough
What is a potential adverse effect of Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)?
Decreased blood pressure
Explore the mechanisms of action and toxicities associated with Catechol O-Methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, particularly in inhibiting peripheral metabolism and enhancing levodopa uptake. Learn about important factors, trade names, and generic names of these inhibitors.
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