Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors and Their Actions
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Questions and Answers

Which drug can be metabolized by the liver in the blood by cholinesterases?

  • Ortho tolvidine
  • Prilocaine
  • Articaine (correct)
  • Bupivacaine

    • Which drug has a higher risk of cardiovascular toxicity?

  • Ortho tolvidine (correct)
  • Articaine
  • Bupivacaine
  • Prilocaine

    • Which drug is the only amide with methemoglobinemia as a possible adverse effect?

  • Articaine
  • Ortho tolvidine (correct)
  • Bupivacaine
  • Prilocaine

    • Which drug has an onset time of 2-4 minutes when used to induce anesthesia?

    <p>Bupivacaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is metabolized 90-95% by the liver and only 5-10% by esterases?

    <p>Articaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrophilic drugs access the site of action?

    <p>Being dissolved in aqueous solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in the factors involved in the coagulation cascade between thrombolytics and antithrombolytics?

    <p>Factors II, V, IX, and X are involved in thrombolytics, while antithrombolytics utilize factors I, II, V, and VIII.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor determines the duration of action of drugs?

    <p>Protein binding capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in breaking down blood clots?

    <p>Directly converting plasminogen to plasmin for fibrin proteolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is NOT recommended as a first-line antiplatelet therapy?

    <p>Ibuprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is targeted by antithrombolytics like aminocaproic acid to maintain fibrin blood clots?

    <p>Factor VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of aminocaproic acid (ACA) in relation to plasminogen and plasmin?

    <p>Inhibits the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to maintain fibrin blood clots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Mepivacaine and Lidocaine metabolized in the body?

    <p>CYP3A4 mediated metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with Mepivacaine and Lidocaine?

    <p>Angioderma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset time for Ester local anesthetics like Benzocaine?

    <p>5-10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target International Normalized Ratio (INR) for dental procedures to minimize significant bleeding?

    <p>$2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should Vasoconstrictors be avoided with Mepivacaine and Lidocaine?

    <p>Increase shivering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?

    <p>Cyclooxygenase 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which NSAID is an irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 1 used for antiplatelet prophylaxis?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pain reliever would be recommended to Mrs. Jennings, who is allergic to over-the-counter pain relievers like aspirin?

    <p>Diflunisal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhalation anesthetic cannot be used for induction due to causing cough and laryngospasm?

    <p>Desflurane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effects are associated with Sevoflurane, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Reproductive toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consideration for pain management in a recovering heroin addict like Mr. Anderson?

    <p>Avoidance of acetaminophen due to hepatic toxicity risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug acts by inhibiting the peripheral metabolism of methyldopa?

    <p>Entacapone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common side effect is associated with MAO inhibitors according to the text?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension and dizziness upon standing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug trade name corresponds to the generic name Bromocriptine?

    <p>Parlodel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential CNS toxicity associated with the drug Tolcapone?

    <p>Delirium and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter balance is restored by Anticholinergic Drugs according to the text?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is more periphery-selective but can also act in the CNS?

    <p>Tolcapone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug listed may lead to sensitization to epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias?

    <p>Carbidopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do anti-Histamines have on gastric acid according to the text?

    <p>Decreases gastric acid secretion and increases pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Dry cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)?

    <p>Decreased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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