Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors and Their Actions

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Questions and Answers

Which drug can be metabolized by the liver in the blood by cholinesterases?

  • Ortho tolvidine
  • Prilocaine
  • Articaine (correct)
  • Bupivacaine

Which drug has a higher risk of cardiovascular toxicity?

  • Ortho tolvidine (correct)
  • Articaine
  • Bupivacaine
  • Prilocaine

Which drug is the only amide with methemoglobinemia as a possible adverse effect?

  • Articaine
  • Ortho tolvidine (correct)
  • Bupivacaine
  • Prilocaine

Which drug has an onset time of 2-4 minutes when used to induce anesthesia?

<p>Bupivacaine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is metabolized 90-95% by the liver and only 5-10% by esterases?

<p>Articaine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hydrophilic drugs access the site of action?

<p>Being dissolved in aqueous solutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in the factors involved in the coagulation cascade between thrombolytics and antithrombolytics?

<p>Factors II, V, IX, and X are involved in thrombolytics, while antithrombolytics utilize factors I, II, V, and VIII. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines the duration of action of drugs?

<p>Protein binding capacity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in breaking down blood clots?

<p>Directly converting plasminogen to plasmin for fibrin proteolysis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is NOT recommended as a first-line antiplatelet therapy?

<p>Ibuprofen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is targeted by antithrombolytics like aminocaproic acid to maintain fibrin blood clots?

<p>Factor VIII (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aminocaproic acid (ACA) in relation to plasminogen and plasmin?

<p>Inhibits the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to maintain fibrin blood clots. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Mepivacaine and Lidocaine metabolized in the body?

<p>CYP3A4 mediated metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with Mepivacaine and Lidocaine?

<p>Angioderma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset time for Ester local anesthetics like Benzocaine?

<p>5-10 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target International Normalized Ratio (INR) for dental procedures to minimize significant bleeding?

<p>$2$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should Vasoconstrictors be avoided with Mepivacaine and Lidocaine?

<p>Increase shivering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?

<p>Cyclooxygenase 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which NSAID is an irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 1 used for antiplatelet prophylaxis?

<p>Acetaminophen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pain reliever would be recommended to Mrs. Jennings, who is allergic to over-the-counter pain relievers like aspirin?

<p>Diflunisal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inhalation anesthetic cannot be used for induction due to causing cough and laryngospasm?

<p>Desflurane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effects are associated with Sevoflurane, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Reproductive toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consideration for pain management in a recovering heroin addict like Mr. Anderson?

<p>Avoidance of acetaminophen due to hepatic toxicity risk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug acts by inhibiting the peripheral metabolism of methyldopa?

<p>Entacapone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common side effect is associated with MAO inhibitors according to the text?

<p>Orthostatic hypotension and dizziness upon standing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug trade name corresponds to the generic name Bromocriptine?

<p>Parlodel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential CNS toxicity associated with the drug Tolcapone?

<p>Delirium and confusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter balance is restored by Anticholinergic Drugs according to the text?

<p>Dopamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication is more periphery-selective but can also act in the CNS?

<p>Tolcapone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug listed may lead to sensitization to epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias?

<p>Carbidopa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do anti-Histamines have on gastric acid according to the text?

<p>Decreases gastric acid secretion and increases pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with ACE inhibitors?

<p>Dry cough (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)?

<p>Decreased blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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