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Questions and Answers
What process involves the loss of water through the stomata of leaves?
What process involves the loss of water through the stomata of leaves?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence the rate of evaporation?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence the rate of evaporation?
What term describes the combination of both evaporation and transpiration?
What term describes the combination of both evaporation and transpiration?
How is channel discharge typically measured?
How is channel discharge typically measured?
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Which type of vegetation is likely to have the highest transpiration rates?
Which type of vegetation is likely to have the highest transpiration rates?
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What does infiltration capacity refer to?
What does infiltration capacity refer to?
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Under what condition will rainwater be held on the ground surface?
Under what condition will rainwater be held on the ground surface?
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What is throughflow?
What is throughflow?
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Why is throughflow most effective in the surface horizons of the soil?
Why is throughflow most effective in the surface horizons of the soil?
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What is percolation?
What is percolation?
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What determines the porosity and permeability of rocks?
What determines the porosity and permeability of rocks?
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What is the surface of the water table?
What is the surface of the water table?
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In which type of rocks does high groundwater flow usually occur?
In which type of rocks does high groundwater flow usually occur?
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What is the primary reason that areas close to the bottom of a slope tend to become saturated first during a storm?
What is the primary reason that areas close to the bottom of a slope tend to become saturated first during a storm?
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What is the term used for the saturated zone that forms a triangular shape upslope during heavy rainfall?
What is the term used for the saturated zone that forms a triangular shape upslope during heavy rainfall?
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Which store is described as holding water collected on the ground surface in depressions and hollows?
Which store is described as holding water collected on the ground surface in depressions and hollows?
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How does interception storage vary during a storm of different durations?
How does interception storage vary during a storm of different durations?
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Which factors influence the effectiveness of interception in a drainage basin?
Which factors influence the effectiveness of interception in a drainage basin?
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What happens to interception storage in deciduous woodlands during winter months?
What happens to interception storage in deciduous woodlands during winter months?
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What type of water is referred to as 'green water' in the context of drainage basin stores?
What type of water is referred to as 'green water' in the context of drainage basin stores?
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Which drainage basin store is responsible for holding water in solid rock and superficial deposits?
Which drainage basin store is responsible for holding water in solid rock and superficial deposits?
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What is the primary characteristic of a drainage basin?
What is the primary characteristic of a drainage basin?
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What term describes the dividing line between adjacent drainage basins?
What term describes the dividing line between adjacent drainage basins?
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What rare event can result from high intensity rainfall of 50 to 100 mm per hour?
What rare event can result from high intensity rainfall of 50 to 100 mm per hour?
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Which type of rainfall is more common in the UK?
Which type of rainfall is more common in the UK?
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What is throughfall in the context of drainage basin flows?
What is throughfall in the context of drainage basin flows?
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Which of the following describes the term 'stemflow'?
Which of the following describes the term 'stemflow'?
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What is the primary role of infiltration in the drainage basin?
What is the primary role of infiltration in the drainage basin?
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Which event in December 2016 was noted for its significant flooding?
Which event in December 2016 was noted for its significant flooding?
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What initiates saturation-excess overland flow?
What initiates saturation-excess overland flow?
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Infiltration-excess overland flow commonly occurs in which type of climate?
Infiltration-excess overland flow commonly occurs in which type of climate?
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What can be a consequence of infiltration-excess overland flow in certain regions?
What can be a consequence of infiltration-excess overland flow in certain regions?
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What is the primary factor determining the onset of infiltration-excess overland flow?
What is the primary factor determining the onset of infiltration-excess overland flow?
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What is the primary purpose of drip tip leaves in tropical rainforest trees?
What is the primary purpose of drip tip leaves in tropical rainforest trees?
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What typically happens to the soil during a saturation-excess overland flow event?
What typically happens to the soil during a saturation-excess overland flow event?
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Under what conditions can overland flow begin to occur during a rainfall event?
Under what conditions can overland flow begin to occur during a rainfall event?
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What adaptation do high-latitude coniferous trees have to prevent damage from snow?
What adaptation do high-latitude coniferous trees have to prevent damage from snow?
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What describes the process when rainfall intensity exceeds the soil's ability to infiltrate?
What describes the process when rainfall intensity exceeds the soil's ability to infiltrate?
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Under what condition is surface storage potentially maximized in a drainage basin?
Under what condition is surface storage potentially maximized in a drainage basin?
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What kind of flooding can occur as a result of excessive surface water collection in urban areas?
What kind of flooding can occur as a result of excessive surface water collection in urban areas?
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In which scenario is overland flow least likely to occur?
In which scenario is overland flow least likely to occur?
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Which type of soil water is available for plant uptake?
Which type of soil water is available for plant uptake?
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What purpose does hygroscopic water serve in the soil?
What purpose does hygroscopic water serve in the soil?
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What is the wilting point in the context of soil moisture storage?
What is the wilting point in the context of soil moisture storage?
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What is the role of gravitational water in the soil?
What is the role of gravitational water in the soil?
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Study Notes
Catchment Hydrology: Drainage Basins
- A drainage basin is a part of the global hydrological cycle
- Defined as a catchment area drained by a particular stream or river
- All land belongs to a basin; boundaries are drainage divides or watersheds
- Different scales of relief (e.g., small variations or mountain ranges) can define divides
- Drainage basins are open systems, unlike the global water cycle
- Inputs include various precipitation types (rain, snow, sleet, hail, frost)
- Precipitation duration and intensity affect basin response
- High-intensity rainfall (50-100mm/hr) is rare but can cause flash floods (e.g., Boscastle 2004)
- Low-intensity, long-duration rainfall is more common
- Relationship between rainfall intensity and duration can be observed (e.g., River Thames tributary)
Drainage Basin Inputs
- Precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, hail, frost)
- Duration and intensity of precipitation affect system response
- High-intensity rainfall (50-100mm/hr) is rare but can cause flash floods. Examples: Boscastle floods of 2004 (185mm in 5 hours) and Maesteg floods of 2016 (worst flooding in 50 years)
- Low-intensity, long-duration rainfall is common.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of drainage basins and their role in the global hydrological cycle. This quiz covers the definitions, characteristics, and responses to different types of precipitation affecting drainage basins. Understand the implications of rainfall intensity and duration on flash flooding events.
