Case Study: Urinary Stones and Calcium Oxalate

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What was the condition that both brothers were suffering from?

Urinary tract infection

Renal failure

Kidney disease

Urinary stones due to calcium oxalate (correct)

What was the treatment advised to the brothers?

Alkaline therapy and decrease in phosphate intake

Increased fluid intake and a low oxalate diet (correct)

Potassium citrate therapy and decrease in calcium intake

Medication and surgery

What was the difference in the outcome between the two brothers?

The younger brother had a family history of urolithiasis

The younger brother had a more severe case

The younger brother followed the advised treatment and remained symptom-free (correct)

The younger brother developed more severe symptoms

What was the result of the 24-hour urine biochemical analysis?

Increased excretion of oxalate and calcium Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the IVP (Intravenous Pyelogram) test for the elder brother?

A new stone was found in the same kidney Signup and view all the answers

What was the notable finding in the serum biochemical analysis?

Serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels were within normal limits Signup and view all the answers

What was the radiological finding in the right kidney of the elder brother?

A radio opaque shadow in the upper calyx Signup and view all the answers

What was the patient's symptom in Case study 2?

Severe left flank pain Signup and view all the answers

What was the diagnosis in Case study 2?

Nephrolithiasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensitivity of KUB in detecting ureteric or calcified calculi?

45-50% Signup and view all the answers

What was the treatment for the ureteral stone in Case study 3?

Ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy with stent placement Signup and view all the answers

What was the abnormality found in the dog's urine sample?

Magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium phosphate crystals Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial clinical presentation of the dog?

Dysuria and hematuria Signup and view all the answers

What was the specific gravity of the urine in Case Study 5?

1.010 Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic role of ultrasound in nephrolithiasis?

To monitor the size and location of a stone Signup and view all the answers

What was the pH of the urine in Case Study 2?

7.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of abdominal X-ray (KUB) in nephrolithiasis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What was the diagnosis made for Patient XY?

Struvite urolithiasis with secondary infection and partial urethral obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of fenofibrate on stone formation in Case study 3?

It reduced stone formation, passage, or growth Signup and view all the answers

What was the treatment approach for Patient AH?

Alkali therapy to achieve a urine pH of >6.0 Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the treatment approach for Patient AH?

Complete resolution of loin and renal discomfort Signup and view all the answers

What was the finding on abdominal ultrasonography for Case Study 5?

Mild prostatomegaly with a large amount of prostatic urethral pooling Signup and view all the answers

What was the medication used to treat Patient AH?

Allopurinol Signup and view all the answers

What was the UA/Cr ratio of Patient AH?

1.3 mmol/mmol Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 24-hour urine analysis for Patient AH?

pH of 5.5 and UA/Cr ratio of 1.3 mmol/mmol Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the USS at six months for Patient AH?

No new stone formation or increase in the size of the two non-obstructive renal stones Signup and view all the answers