Case Studies in Environmental Conflicts
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Questions and Answers

What was a significant consequence of OPEC stopping oil shipments in the 1970s?

  • The price of oil decreased significantly.
  • Economic sanctions were imposed on Egypt.
  • The U.S. developed alternative energy sources rapidly.
  • The price of oil quadrupled as a result. (correct)

    • What development significantly impacted the Lubicon Cree's traditional way of life?

  • Creation of a national park in Lubicon territory.
  • Construction of new homes for the Lubicon.
  • Opening of a ski resort near their territory.
  • Establishment of logging rights for Daishowa in their area. (correct)

    • Which important document did the Lubicon Cree not sign that affects their land claims?

  • Treaty of Westminster
  • Treaty 8 (correct)
  • Treaty 7
  • Treaty of Paris

    • What type of land is Lubicon territory considered due to not signing Treaty 8?

    <p>Crown land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a direct result of the construction of roads into Lubicon territory?

    <p>Access for oil and gas companies to set up operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following industries has NOT significantly developed in Lubicon Cree territory?

    <p>Farming and agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the fate of wildlife as a result of resource development in Lubicon territory?

    <p>Many animals disappeared due to habitat destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did oil discovery occur in Lubicon territory, affecting the region's economy?

    <p>1952</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of Nicholas Negroponte's organization, One Laptop per Child?

    <p>To help developing countries cross the digital divide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the price point for the laptop aimed for the One Laptop per Child initiative?

    <p>$150</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries expressed interest in equipping students with the 2B1 laptop?

    <p>Argentina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main concern raised by critics of media concentration and convergence?

    <p>Reduced competition and diversity of opinion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome noted in the Red Cross report regarding media coverage of disasters?

    <p>Unusual disasters attract more media attention than ongoing crises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major language has become dominant in global business, scientific research, and online content?

    <p>English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the world's languages does most of the Internet content derive from?

    <p>Over 90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process of a minority culture being absorbed by a majority culture, resulting in the minority culture's disappearance?

    <p>Assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was Ladakh opened to tourists, prompting cultural changes?

    <p>1970</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'digital divide' refer to?

    <p>The gap between those with and without access to modern communications technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant barrier did the Indian government impose regarding tourism in Ladakh?

    <p>Access was restricted due to a border dispute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'pop culture'?

    <p>Popular culture, often synonymous with the culture influenced by the United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of transnational corporations?

    <p>To have their headquarters in one nation but conduct business globally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following most accurately describes media concentration as criticized by Jill Nelson?

    <p>It enhances profit without considering democratic principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts refers to the reduction in cultural diversity due to the influence of a dominant culture?

    <p>Homogenization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do language experts view the impact of English on global language diversity?

    <p>It leads to the loss of linguistic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are economies of scale?

    <p>Savings achieved by purchasing in bulk, reducing per unit costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main concern does the Red Cross highlight about media attention on emergencies?

    <p>The focus is disproportionately on extraordinary events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does historical globalization focus on?

    <p>The beginning of globalization with Columbus's voyages in 1492</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of influence has Buddhism and Islam had on Ladakh?

    <p>They were imported from other regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the integration of cultures leading to the creation of a cultural hybrid?

    <p>Hybridization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the 2B1 laptop is true?

    <p>It can connect via satellite links and cellular networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of cultural content laws?

    <p>To ensure minority cultures are protected from oppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term imperialism refer to?

    <p>The policy of extending a mother country's rule into an empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue that the Lubicon are trying to address through treaty negotiations?

    <p>Affirmation of territory control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has contributed to the hazardous conditions faced by coltan miners in the Democratic Republic of Congo?

    <p>Presence of armed thieves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the WTO ruling regarding banana imports from former colonies?

    <p>Some trade rules were changed to help banana farmers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Guillermo Touma's experience as a banana worker influence his actions?

    <p>He became involved in union organizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributed to the cultural revitalization among Métis people in recent years?

    <p>Developments in online communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'acculturation' refer to in the context of Métis culture?

    <p>The blending of different cultural elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major concern do the teachers express regarding the language Inuktitut?

    <p>It is being replaced by English among children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence has coltan mining had on local gorillas in the DRC?

    <p>A decrease in their food supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the 'banana wars' trade conflict?

    <p>Preferences given to imports from former colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major strategies employed by Guillermo Touma for banana workers’ rights?

    <p>Collaborating with other unions and non-profits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the population of eastern lowland gorillas change in DRC's parks due to coltan mining?

    <p>Declined by 90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential result of the loss of Inuktitut among children, according to the teachers?

    <p>Weakened community ties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the declining number of Michif speakers have on the Métis community?

    <p>Diminished cultural identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What traditional medicine from Ladakh has gained international attention?

    <p>Amchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant political change happened in Burma in 1962?

    <p>Seizure of control by military leaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country hosted the 4th Games of la Francophonie?

    <p>Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major goal of the Moncton Summit?

    <p>Addressing the needs of Francophone youth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major outcome of the Live 8 concerts?

    <p>Global awareness of poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethnic group did the British favor in Burma, leading to increased unrest?

    <p>Karen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic impact did the opening of the highway have on Ladakh?

    <p>Access to larger markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major issue with the broadcasting of Al-Jazeera in Canada?

    <p>Strict monitoring conditions were required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Kofi Annan during the Moncton Summit?

    <p>The Secretary General of the United Nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was significant about the Live 8 concerts' audience reach?

    <p>Radio, television, and internet linked three billion participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence did the integration into Britain's colonial trading network have on Burma?

    <p>Undermined traditional leaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What request did Live 8 organizers make to the G8 leaders?

    <p>To ensure justice in trade and cancel debts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did Britain's rule have on Burma's economy post-independence?

    <p>Severe economic decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of items did Ladakhi men traditionally travel to sell?

    <p>Jewelry, salt, and dried fruit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Case Studies and Conflicts

    • Lubicon Cree: The Lubicon Cree's traditional way of life in northern Alberta was disrupted by oil and gas development. The Alberta government's actions, like building roads and granting logging rights to Daishowa Paper, led to deforestation and the loss of hunting, fishing, and trapping grounds. The Lubicon, who did not sign Treaty 8, are considered to have their land as crown land, owned by the government, which collects royalties from oil and gas development. They have been unsuccessfully trying to negotiate a treaty for over a century to reclaim their territory and access to royalties.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • Coltan Mining in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Coltan, a metal found in electronics, is mined extensively in the DRC, creating economic issues and conflicts—especially considering the existing civil wars there. The high demand creates dangers for miners due to armed theft. Mining has reduced the ecosystem and decreased the population of Eastern lowland gorillas by 90%. Land clearing has also destroyed the traditional way of life in the region.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • Banana Wars: European governments gave preferential treatment to bananas from former colonies (e.g., Jamaica, St. Lucia) which led to a trade conflict, or "Banana Wars,". Transnational corporations, such as Chiquita, protested this policy, leading to a dispute with the WTO. The WTO ultimately ruled that European trade rules needed change to be fair to all members. This impacted banana farmers' working conditions and pay negatively.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • Metis People: Metis culture has been threatened over the past century, due to assimilation and acculturation. The Metis Nation of Alberta, or MNA, rose in membership by 300% and has taken up cultural revitalization in the 1990s and into this century, including using the internet to promote Métis history, culture, and traditions in online forums.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • Disappearing Languages (Inuktitut): The language Inuktitut is under threat of losing its speakers at a rate that is accelerated by language assimilation. The loss is witnessed when the youth use English, even if their parents speak Inuktitut.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • One Laptop per Child: One Laptop per Child helps people in developing countries by providing affordable laptops to students. The 2B1, a prototype, is intended to connect to the Internet through various links, facilitating access for rural populations, and specifically to people in five countries—Argentina, Brazil, Libya, Nigeria and Thailand.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • CanWest Controversy: The largest Canadian media company, CanWest Global Communications, faced criticism about media concentration and convergence issues. Media outlets were ordered to take a uniform, non-local view threatening journalistic diversity.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • 9/11 (Racial Backlash): The 9/11 attacks led to racial backlash, discrimination, and prejudice against minority groups.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • Untold Stories: The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies analyzed the media's coverage patterns in global crises, reporting that stories about lasting tragedies that lack immediate solutions get minimal attention compared to sudden catastrophes like tsunamis. The disproportionate media coverage based on death tolls and immediacy has been noted.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • Internet and the Dominance of English: Majority of internet content is in English, in spite of English being the first or second language of most users, and the Internet's exclusive use of the Roman alphabet. This has led to the exclusion of speakers of the world’s more than 6000 languages. English has come to dominate business, scientific research, and popular culture.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • Ladakh: Ladakh's isolation and unique culture were challenged by increased tourism in the 1970s. The arrival of cheap imported products and food contributed to globalization and the change of traditional values.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • La Francophonie: La Francophonie, which involves a common language connecting people around the world, is represented in a variety of international competitions. The Moncton Summit focused on the needs of Francophone youth and building an international community based on shared values and purpose.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • Dictatorship in Burma (Myanmar): Burma's transition from British rule to independence and military dictatorship in 1962 impacted the nation. The legacy of conflict among peoples and the subsequent military control saw severe economic impacts, including food shortages.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • Make Poverty History/Live 8: The Live 8 concerts, part of the Make Poverty History movement, aimed to raise awareness about global poverty and press the G8 for solutions, including better trade practices, debt relief for the world's poorest nations, and increased aid.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • Al Jazeera in Canada: Al Jazeera, when its English broadcasts were permitted, faced strict conditions by the regulating body in Canada for its programming. The strict conditions were argued as burdensome by the Canadian cable companies.

    Case Studies and Conflicts (cont'd)

    • McDonalds at the Louvre: The presence of McDonalds at the Louvre highlighted issues of homogenization and exporting American culture.

    Background Information and Concepts

    • Global North/South: This terminology separates richer (North) and poorer (South) countries, which usually translates to developed and developing countries respectively. It's not about location alone.

    • Issue: A topic with diverse opinions among individuals due to various considerations.

    • Role Model: Someone who influences others' identity.

    • Collective: A group one can identify with.

    • Definitions of Globalizations terms: Additional definitions are provided related to various terms such such as transnational corporation, media concentration, media convergence, economies of scale, biodiversity, accommodation, acculturation, assimilation, homogenization, cultural revitalization, digital divide, propaganda, pop culture, universalization, etc..

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    Description

    Explore two significant case studies that highlight environmental conflicts: the impact of oil and gas development on the Lubicon Cree in Alberta, and the challenges posed by coltan mining in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Delve into the socio-economic repercussions and the fight for rights in both regions.

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