Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a case report?
What is the primary purpose of a case report?
What is the level of evidence for a case series?
What is the level of evidence for a case series?
What is the purpose of a conflict of interest statement?
What is the purpose of a conflict of interest statement?
What is the recommended format for references in a case report?
What is the recommended format for references in a case report?
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What is the definition of plagiarism?
What is the definition of plagiarism?
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How can one prevent plagiarism?
How can one prevent plagiarism?
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What is the new format for Year 3 case reports in 2023/24?
What is the new format for Year 3 case reports in 2023/24?
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What is the purpose of an originality (similarity) report?
What is the purpose of an originality (similarity) report?
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What is the purpose of performing a triple biopsy in breast cancer diagnosis?
What is the purpose of performing a triple biopsy in breast cancer diagnosis?
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What is the characteristic of a phyllodes tumor?
What is the characteristic of a phyllodes tumor?
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What is the significance of a spiculated margin in a mammogram?
What is the significance of a spiculated margin in a mammogram?
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What is the purpose of Tru-Cut biopsy?
What is the purpose of Tru-Cut biopsy?
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What is the indication for performing a punch biopsy?
What is the indication for performing a punch biopsy?
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What is the definition of N2 lymph node?
What is the definition of N2 lymph node?
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What is the purpose of palpating the supraclavicular fossa?
What is the purpose of palpating the supraclavicular fossa?
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What is the treatment approach for inflammatory breast cancer?
What is the treatment approach for inflammatory breast cancer?
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Study Notes
Case Report Writing
- A case report consists of a clerking sheet and a written report.
- The clerking sheet includes key headings such as PC/PI, HoPC/HoPI, PMH, DH/Allergies, FH, SH, Systems review, Vital signs, Clinical examinations, Differential diagnosis, Plans - investigations, and Plans - management.
Level 4 Evidence: Case Series
- A case report provides level 4 evidence, which is a case series.
- Discussion in a case report should cover why the case is worthy, rare, or controversial, and summarize current literature related to the case.
Conflict of Interest Statement
- A conflict of interest statement ensures transparency and should include financial, personal relationships, and intellectual conflicts.
References
- References should be formatted in line with major journals in the field, such as NLM format.
- There is no specific format required.
Grammar and Plagiarism
- Grammar is as important as content, and poor grammar can lead to misinterpretation.
- Plagiarism is a form of fraud, involving stealing and passing off others' ideas or words as one's own.
- To prevent plagiarism, plan and organize, keep good records of sources, cite sources, paraphrase, and be selective with sources.
Late Submission
- Late submission is not acceptable.
- The new format for Year 3 (2023/24) requires submission in two parts: a clerking sheet and a case report with an originality (similarity) report.
- The originality report is generated using Turnitin software.
Biopsy and Breast Cancer
- Benign excision biopsy is necessary for diagnosis
- Triple biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis
- No margin is left during mastectomy
- Breast oncocentric margin is examined to ensure clear margins
Breast Cancer Types
- DCIS (Ductal Carcinoma In Situ) is a type of breast cancer with a 2mm margin
- Local cancer requires tumour removal (kena potong)
- Phylloides tumor is a type of breast cancer that does not infiltrate skin or muscle and can recur in the same place
Mammogram Findings
- Mammogram can show:
- Clustered microcalcification
- Hyperdensity lesion
- Skin thickening
- Spiculated margin
Ultrasound Findings
- Ultrasound can show:
- Heterogenousity
- Posterior shadowing
- Axillary lymph node sufficiency
- Thickened cortex
- Loss of fatty hilum
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
- Inflammatory breast cancer requires biopsy, MRI breast, or punch biopsy
- Craniocaudal/Medial Oblique Mammogram is used to examine the breast
- Eventhough mammogram can see axilla, do not comment
Tru-Cut Biopsy
- Tru-Cut biopsy is used for immunohistochemistry staining
- Classification of breast cancer is done using Sen-Gillen classification (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER 2A, Enrich, Triple Negative Breast Ca)
Treatment
- Diagnosis → Surgery → Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy → Targeted Therapy
- Neoadjuvant therapy is used depending on St. Gallen classification (for HER 2 or TNBC)
Biopsy Types
- Excisional biopsy is used for malignant cases
- FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) is used for benign cases
- Wedge biopsy is used on the surface of the skin
- Punch biopsy is used for dermis and epidermis
Inflammatory Breast Lump Criteria
- Rapid onset (less than 6 months)
- Occupies 2/3rd of the breast
- With or without nodules
TNM Staging and Treatment
- Need to know TNM staging and treatment for exams
Palpation
- Palpate lower cervical (supraclavicular lymph node) from the back
- Purpose is to palpate the supraclavicular fossa
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Description
This quiz assesses the student's understanding of case report writing, including key headings and components, in a surgical setting. It covers the structure and content of a case report, including patient history, diagnosis, and management plans.
