Cartilage Structure and Function Quiz

<p>Chondrocytes and isogenous groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of elastic fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abundant collagen fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A connective tissue layer surrounding the cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chondrocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distribution and relative concentration of sulfated proteoglycan. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a ring of densely staining matrix. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anchoring the chondrocyte to the matrix. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of sulfated proteoglycans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type II collagen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate diffusion of nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type II collagen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth, amorphous extracellular matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lacunae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate interaction between chondrocytes and matrix components. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide tensile strength and a framework to resist swelling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both Type I and Type II collagen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To organize fibrils into a hexagonal lattice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By binding water molecules and providing resilience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type IX collagen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is related to the high content of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermatan Sulfate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A shift in the staining properties of the matrix. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chondrocyte cell death. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collagen receptor on chondrocytes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chondrocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesenchymal tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New cartilage forms on the surface of an existing cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They occupy the same lacuna (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They differentiate into chondroblasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of isogenic cell clusters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inner perichondrial cells differentiate into chondroblasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The expression of SOX-9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immobility of chondrocytes and its avascular nature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of new blood vessels leading to bone formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The embedding of calcium phosphate crystals in the matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As part of the aging process and during endochondral ossification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They experience cell death due to impaired diffusion of nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through phagocytic activity of chondroclasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chondroclasts are considered to be mature osteoclasts capable of removing cartilage matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Specialized connective tissue combining rigidity, elasticity, and resilience.

The matrix of cartilage is composed of cells called chondrocytes and an extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) that accounts for its resilience.

Cartilage is avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels. It relies on diffusion to obtain nutrients.

The composition of the ECM is crucial for the survival of chondrocytes, as it provides nutrients and support.

Cartilage can be found in fetal skeletons and growing bones.

Proteoglycan aggregates are large molecules found in the ECM of cartilage. They consist of a core protein with many attached glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), attracting water and contributing to the resilience of the tissue.

The ECM of cartilage is composed of fibers, mainly collagen, and ground substance, which is rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) forming proteoglycan aggregates.

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage.

These are proteins that bind multiple molecules in the cartilage, such as collagen and other glycoproteins.

A type of cartilage found in joints, nose, trachea and other areas. It is characterized by its smooth, glassy appearance.

These are molecules that bind water, giving cartilage its resilience and ability to resist compression.

This type of collagen is found in hyaline cartilage and provides strength and structure.

Anchorin CII is a glycoprotein that helps attach chondrocytes to the cartilage matrix.

The process of cartilage turning into bone (calcium deposition).

This characteristic refers to the tendency of a substance to stain with basic dyes, indicating the presence of acidic molecules like GAGs.

This refers to the ability of a substance to change the color of a dye, often seen with GAGs which can cause a shift in color of stain.

A region of extracellular matrix immediately surrounding chondrocytes, characterized by dense staining and high concentrations of proteoglycans, hyaluronan, and multiadhesive glycoproteins.

A matrix region surrounding the capsular matrix, showing a moderate staining intensity due to a lower concentration of proteoglycans compared to the capsular matrix.

The region of extracellular matrix extending beyond the territorial matrix, characterized by a less dense appearance due to a lower concentration of proteoglycans.

The variation in staining intensity within the extracellular matrix, providing information about the distribution and relative concentration of sulfated proteoglycans.

Type VI collagen fibrils, found specifically in the capsular matrix, function to anchor chondrocytes to the surrounding matrix.

A large, complex proteoglycan found in the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage. It forms aggregates with hyaluronan and consists of three glycosaminoglycans: hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and keratan sulfate.

Spaces within the extracellular matrix of cartilage where chondrocytes (the cartilage cells) live.

Cells that produce and maintain the extracellular matrix of cartilage.

A specialized connective tissue that covers hyaline cartilage, supplying nutrients and removing waste products.

Long, thin protein fibers that provide strength and support to connective tissues, including cartilage. In hyaline cartilage, the majority of fibrils are made of type II collagen.

Large, complex molecules made up of repeating sugar units, found in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. They attract water, creating a gel-like consistency that helps provide support and cushioning.

Type II collagen, proteoglycans (including aggrecan), and multiadhesive glycoproteins.

Mesenchymal cells that differentiate into chondroblasts and eventually chondrocytes.

Young, actively dividing cartilage cells that secrete extracellular matrix.

Small groups of chondrocytes arising from the division of a single chondrocyte.

Growth occurring at the surface of existing cartilage.

Growth occurring from within the existing cartilage.

The process of cartilage formation.

Cartilage has a limited ability to repair due to its lack of blood vessels (avascularity), the limited mobility of chondrocytes, and the restricted capacity of mature chondrocytes to divide.

The process where calcium phosphate crystals become embedded within the cartilage matrix. This occurs during developmental stages, in articular cartilage, and is also a normal part of aging.

This process occurs when the cartilage matrix is calcified, hindering diffusion of nutrients to chondrocytes, causing their death and leading to the removal of the dead and calcified matrix by phagocytes, eventually replaced by bone.

A process that increases the size of cartilage from within. It mainly occurs in the growth plates of long bones, articular cartilage, and during embryonic cartilage development.

Hyaline cartilage is prone to calcification as part of the aging process. This can affect the cartilage's function and contribute to the development of osteoarthritis.