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Questions and Answers
What is cartilage?
What is cartilage?
A special form of connective tissue.
Which type of cartilage is the most common?
Which type of cartilage is the most common?
All types of cartilage are vascularized.
All types of cartilage are vascularized.
False
What are the three types of cartilage?
What are the three types of cartilage?
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What are chondrocytes?
What are chondrocytes?
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What is the process of bone formation called?
What is the process of bone formation called?
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All hyaline cartilage in adults is replaced by bone.
All hyaline cartilage in adults is replaced by bone.
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What is the inner layer of perichondrium responsible for?
What is the inner layer of perichondrium responsible for?
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The two types of bones are _____ and _____ bones.
The two types of bones are _____ and _____ bones.
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What do chondroblasts do?
What do chondroblasts do?
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The extracellular matrix of cartilage is composed of connective tissue and _____ substance.
The extracellular matrix of cartilage is composed of connective tissue and _____ substance.
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What types of fibers characterize hyaline cartilage?
What types of fibers characterize hyaline cartilage?
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Study Notes
Cartilage Definition
- A specialized connective tissue that develops from mesenchyme.
- Comprised of cells, an extracellular matrix (ECM), and ground substance.
- Avascular, meaning it receives nutrients through diffusion from the surrounding ground substance.
- Provides tensile strength, resilience against compression, and structural support for soft tissues.
Cartilage Cells
- Chondroblasts produce the ECM.
- Mature chondrocytes are entrapped within lacunae within the matrix.
- Perichondrium, a surrounding connective tissue layer, is chondrogenic, responsible for the generation of new chondroblasts.
Cartilage Matrix
- Produced and maintained by chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
- Ground substance contains hyaluronic acid, sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and proteoglycans, making it highly hydrated.
- The proportion of collagen (Type I or II) and elastic fibers determines the cartilage type:
- Hyaline (Type II collagen)
- Elastic (Type II collagen)
- Fibrocartilage (Type I collagen)
- Collagen and elastic fibers contribute to the cartilage's firmness.
- Acts as a shock absorber due to its semi-rigid nature.
Perichondrium
- Most hyaline and elastic cartilage is enclosed by perichondrium, a layer of vascularized dense irregular connective tissue.
- Has two layers:
- Outer fibrous layer containing type I collagen fibers and fibroblasts.
- Inner cellular layer containing chondrogenic cells.
- Chondrogenic cells differentiate into chondroblasts, responsible for secreting the cartilage matrix.
- Fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage on joint surfaces lack perichondrium.
Hyaline Cartilage
- Most prevalent cartilage type.
- In embryos, it forms the skeletal model for bones, undergoing endochondral ossification during growth.
- In adults, it persists in articular surfaces of bones, rib ends, larynx, nose, trachea, bronchi, and other locations, without calcification.
- Matrix contains type II collagen fibers, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.
- Contains chondronectin, an adhesive glycoprotein that links glycosaminoglycans and collagen fibers, facilitating chondroblast and chondrocyte adherence to collagen.
- Surrounded by perichondrium with fibroblasts.
- The inner chondrogenic layer produces chondroblasts, which differentiate into chondrocytes.
- Chondrocytes, responsible for maintaining cartilage, reside in lacunae.
- Lacunae can house individual chondrocytes or groups of chondrocytes (isogenous groups).
- Two types of matrix between lacunae exist:
- Territorial matrix (1) stains darker.
- Interterritorial matrix (2) stains lighter due to a lower concentration of proteoglycans.
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Description
This quiz explores the structure, cells, and matrix of cartilage, a specialized connective tissue. It covers the role of chondroblasts and chondrocytes and the significance of the extracellular matrix. Test your knowledge on the different types of cartilage and their characteristics.
