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Questions and Answers
What is cartilage?
A special form of connective tissue.
Which type of cartilage is the most common?
All types of cartilage are vascularized.
False
What are the three types of cartilage?
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What are chondrocytes?
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What is the process of bone formation called?
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All hyaline cartilage in adults is replaced by bone.
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What is the inner layer of perichondrium responsible for?
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The two types of bones are _____ and _____ bones.
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What do chondroblasts do?
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The extracellular matrix of cartilage is composed of connective tissue and _____ substance.
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What types of fibers characterize hyaline cartilage?
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Study Notes
Cartilage Definition
- A specialized connective tissue that develops from mesenchyme.
- Comprised of cells, an extracellular matrix (ECM), and ground substance.
- Avascular, meaning it receives nutrients through diffusion from the surrounding ground substance.
- Provides tensile strength, resilience against compression, and structural support for soft tissues.
Cartilage Cells
- Chondroblasts produce the ECM.
- Mature chondrocytes are entrapped within lacunae within the matrix.
- Perichondrium, a surrounding connective tissue layer, is chondrogenic, responsible for the generation of new chondroblasts.
Cartilage Matrix
- Produced and maintained by chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
- Ground substance contains hyaluronic acid, sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and proteoglycans, making it highly hydrated.
- The proportion of collagen (Type I or II) and elastic fibers determines the cartilage type:
- Hyaline (Type II collagen)
- Elastic (Type II collagen)
- Fibrocartilage (Type I collagen)
- Collagen and elastic fibers contribute to the cartilage's firmness.
- Acts as a shock absorber due to its semi-rigid nature.
Perichondrium
- Most hyaline and elastic cartilage is enclosed by perichondrium, a layer of vascularized dense irregular connective tissue.
- Has two layers:
- Outer fibrous layer containing type I collagen fibers and fibroblasts.
- Inner cellular layer containing chondrogenic cells.
- Chondrogenic cells differentiate into chondroblasts, responsible for secreting the cartilage matrix.
- Fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage on joint surfaces lack perichondrium.
Hyaline Cartilage
- Most prevalent cartilage type.
- In embryos, it forms the skeletal model for bones, undergoing endochondral ossification during growth.
- In adults, it persists in articular surfaces of bones, rib ends, larynx, nose, trachea, bronchi, and other locations, without calcification.
- Matrix contains type II collagen fibers, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.
- Contains chondronectin, an adhesive glycoprotein that links glycosaminoglycans and collagen fibers, facilitating chondroblast and chondrocyte adherence to collagen.
- Surrounded by perichondrium with fibroblasts.
- The inner chondrogenic layer produces chondroblasts, which differentiate into chondrocytes.
- Chondrocytes, responsible for maintaining cartilage, reside in lacunae.
- Lacunae can house individual chondrocytes or groups of chondrocytes (isogenous groups).
- Two types of matrix between lacunae exist:
- Territorial matrix (1) stains darker.
- Interterritorial matrix (2) stains lighter due to a lower concentration of proteoglycans.
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Description
This quiz explores the structure, cells, and matrix of cartilage, a specialized connective tissue. It covers the role of chondroblasts and chondrocytes and the significance of the extracellular matrix. Test your knowledge on the different types of cartilage and their characteristics.
