Cartilage and Bone Quiz

<p>Amount of ground substance and type of fibers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By offering some flexibility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To form small nests within lacunae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrocartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Annulus fibrosus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compression of nerve roots (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is flexible and can recover its shape after deformation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased chondrogenic activity leads to the formation of periosteum. (B), Blood vessels invade irregular cavities to create compact bone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epiphysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zone of hypertrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To form a layer of periosteal bone collar. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood vessels and U.M.C form a vascular bud. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They shrink, making lacunae appear empty. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isogenous groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain the matrix through continuous secretion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstitial growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains a large number of branching elastic fibers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They accumulate large lipid droplets and glycogen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collagen type II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is opaque and not flexible. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytokines from platelet degranulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decalcification method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ground sections show bone lamellae and lacunae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External circumferential lamellae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It runs perpendicular to Haversian canals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diad (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between myofibrils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrial natriuretic hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent separation during contractions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stairway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moderator band (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larger diameter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral position within the disc (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cartilage is a specialized type of connective tissue with a rubbery matrix, allowing it to withstand mechanical stress.

Cartilage is avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels. It receives oxygen and nutrients from the surrounding connective tissue (perichondrium) or synovial fluid in joints.

Cartilage is made up of chondroblasts and chondrocytes, cells responsible for producing the matrix.

Hyaline cartilage is the most common type, translucent, and has a glassy appearance. It's found in various parts of the body, including the fetal skeleton, articular surfaces of bones, costal cartilage, epiphyseal plate, and upper respiratory passages.

The perichondrium is a capsule-like layer surrounding hyaline cartilage, except at the articular surface of joints. It consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner cellular layer.

Cells found individually within small spaces called lacunae in cartilage tissue.

Young cartilage cells that actively produce and secrete the extracellular matrix of cartilage.

The process of cartilage growth from the inside, where existing chondrocytes divide and produce new matrix around themselves.

The process of cartilage growth from the outside, where new chondroblasts are added to the perichondrium and produce matrix.

A type of cartilage that is tough and resilient, containing a dense network of collagen fibers.

A type of cartilage that is smooth and flexible, with a glassy appearance, containing a fine network of collagen fibers.

A type of cartilage that is strong and dense, containing thick bundles of collagen fibers, found in areas of high stress.

The thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds most cartilage, providing nutrients and support.

Cartilage cells that reside in small cavities called lacunae. These cells often form clusters of 2 or more, known as isogenous groups, due to their division.

A type of cartilage with high flexibility and resilience. It returns to its original shape after being deformed. Found in ear pinna, nose, trachea, and some laryngeal cartilages.

The outer ring of an intervertebral disc composed of white fibrocartilage, rich in collagen type I fibers.

The inner, jelly-like core of an intervertebral disc composed of collagen type II. If it protrudes through the annulus fibrosus, it can cause nerve compression, leading to pain.

The process where cartilage is replaced by bone, occurring in long, short and irregular bones.

A primary ossification center appears in the middle of the diaphysis of the cartilage model, where chondrogenic cells transform into osteogenic cells, eventually forming osteoblasts.

A secondary ossification center forms in the epiphysis of the bone, following similar steps to the primary center, ultimately leading to the replacement of cartilage with spongy bone.

The perichondrium, the connective tissue surrounding cartilage, transforms into the periosteum, which then forms a layer of bone called the periosteal bone collar.

This zone in the epiphyseal cartilage contains chondrocytes that deposit calcium in the surrounding matrix, ultimately leading to the calcification of the cartilage.

Specialized junctions between adjacent cardiac muscle cells, enabling coordinated contractions.

Gap junctions located in the lateral segment of intercalated discs, allowing electrical signals to pass rapidly between cardiac muscle cells.

A transverse component of the intercalated discs that crosses cardiac myofibers at a right angle, like the risers of a staircase.

A lateral component of the intercalated discs that lies parallel to myofibers, like the steps of a staircase.

Desmosomes and adherent junctions found in the transverse region of intercalated discs, firmly binding cardiac myocytes together.

Specialized cardiac muscle fibers in the atrioventricular (AV) bundle, quickly transmitting contractile impulses to ventricular cells.

A band of Purkinje fibers in the right ventricle.

Cardiac muscle cells with a pale, vacuolated sarcoplasm due to high glycogen content.

A decalcification method used in bone histology where calcium is removed from bone samples using mineral acids (e.g., nitric acid 10%). This softens the bone, making it suitable for sectioning and staining.

A histological technique where bone samples are dried and then progressively thinned using a carborundum wheel. This method reveals the bone matrix structure, including lamellae, lacunae, and canaliculi, but does not show bone cells.

The outer layer covering the surface of a bone, composed of dense connective tissue. It plays a crucial role in bone growth, repair, and blood vessel attachment.

Concentrically arranged layers of calcified collagen fibers that form the basic structural unit of compact bone. Each osteon has a central canal (containing blood vessels and nerves) surrounded by these lamellae.

The functional unit of compact bone, a cylindrical structure consisting of a central canal (Haversian canal), containing blood vessels and nerves, surrounded by concentric lamellae. Osteocytes are located within lacunae in the lamellae.

Transverse or oblique canals that connect Haversian canals, allowing for communication between different osteons. They also serve as pathways for blood vessels and nerves.

Small cavities within the bone matrix that house osteocytes. These cavities are interconnected by tiny channels called canaliculi, allowing for nutrient exchange and communication between osteocytes.

Tiny channels that connect lacunae, allowing for communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes. They form a network within the bone matrix.