Carpentry Benchwork Safety and Tools

Benchwork

• Benchwork is any type of work managed using a workbench, rather than heavy machinery in a large area.
• It involves using hand tools like hammers, hacksaws, wrenches, and files.

Carpentry Benchwork

• Carpentry benchwork focuses on crafting furniture and frames for upholstered pieces.
• Each component is meticulously crafted by hand.

Hand Tools

• Hand tools are devices used to perform work on materials or physical systems using only hands.
• They can be manually used, or powered by electricity.

General Safety in Benchwork

• Recognize and follow safe work practices.
• Develop safe work habits.
• Be responsible for your own safety and the safety of others.
• Maintain safe work habits.
• Keep hands away from moving parts; receive immediate first aid following injuries.
• Maintain a clean, neat, and safe work area.
• Never wear loose clothing such as short sleeves or rolled-up sleeves, necklaces, rings or bracelets and tie up long hair.

Housekeeping

• Keep machines and hand tools clean.
• Keep work surfaces clean and free of oil or grease.
• Regularly sweep up metal chips from work surfaces.
• Never put tools or materials on the floor next to a machine.
• Do not place tools or materials on a machine table.
• Never use rags near moving parts; remove burrs from workpieces before handling.

Care of Hand Tools

• Store tools appropriately in a tool box.
• Use the right tool for the right job.

Laying Out

• This is a shop term used to mark materials.
• The process involves marking lines, arcs, and circles on a piece of metal to show the dimensions.
• This ensures accuracy in machined parts.

Layout Tools and Accessories

• Protractor: Measures angles ranging from 0 to 180 degrees with an accuracy of around 1°.
• Surface Gauge or Vernier Height Gauge: Used to mark parallel lines, often alongside a surface plate and angle plate.

Additional Tools and Accessories

• Steel Rule: A common linear measuring tool available in metric (millimeter, half-millimeter) or inch systems.
• Scriber: A layout tool used to draw lines on a workpiece.
• Center Punch: A tool to create a mark for drilling holes.
• Solid Square or Try-Square: Marking tools for angles and flat surfaces.
• Divider: A tool used to copy lengths or circles to a workpiece.
• Angle Plate: Used to ensure 90-degree angles to support workpieces.
• V-Blocks or Prism: A tool used for holding cylindrical workpieces for layout.

Laying Out with Try-Square and Steel Rule

• Remove burrs from the workpiece.
• Start laying out from a square machined surface.
• Use a try-square and steel rule.
• Position the scriber on the workpiece against the try-square edge.
• Draw the line to be laid out.

Hammers

• Hammers are weighted heads with handles used in metalworking.
• Types include hard, soft, and soft-face hammers; straight, ball peen, cross peen, and claw.
• Sledges are used for heavy work and vary in weight.

Bench Vises/Vises

• Machinist's Vises are heavy-duty tools with parallel jaws and either a fixed or swivel base.
• Utility Vises are used for general work with a small anvil and anvil horn.
• Vises need to be maintained correctly for their use.
• Be careful not to injure fingers, maintaining the tool, safety while working with them.

Clamps

• Clamps can be used to hold materials or fasten objects temporarily.
• They can be used when the vise is unavailable.

Screw Drivers

• Screw drivers are hand tools for turning screws.
• Types include standard and offset, and specialized types such as Phillips.

Pliers

• Pliers are hand tools for seizing, bending, or cutting wire and other thin materials.
• Types include side-cutting, long-nose, and diagonal-cutting pliers.

Wrenches

• Wrenches are hand tools for tightening or loosening nuts and bolts.
• Types include open-end, box-end, combination, socket, adjustable, monkey wrenches.

Files

• Files are steel tools for smoothing, polishing, or cutting metal.
• Types of files include: single cut, double cut, and bastard, second-cut, smooth and dead smooth.
• Classification of files is based upon teeth spacing or coarseness.
• Using a file involves applying the correct cutting pressure and rate of motion.

Chisels

• Chisels are used for cutting metals, removing metal from a surface, shearing off rivets, smooтhing castings, or splitting rusty nuts from bolts .
• Chisels are made of octagonal tool steel.
• Methods of preparing cutting edges.

Drills and Drilling

• Twist drills are tools for making holes by slicing metal during rotation.
• Flutes allow cutting fluid and chip removal, and different materials require suited drill types.
• Types of drills include high-speed drills and cemented carbide drills.
• Safe working practices and materials for different drilling conditions must be known.

Drill Press

• Drill presses are machines for drilling holes.
• Components include the base, column, table, drilling head, hand feed lever, depth stop, and chuck.
• Proper maintenance is necessary for optimal functioning.

Countersinking

• Used to enlarge the top of a previously drilled hole to accommodate the head of the fastener.

Reaming

• Reaming is used to enlarge existing holes, producing a smooth, round hole when finished.
• Tools for reaming includes hand reamers and machine reamers .

Counterboring

• Counterboring enlarges a hole's top to a specific depth for fitting specific fasteners such as a bolt or other threaded objects.

Tapping

• Threading internal holes, using tools called taps.
• Hand taps and machine taps
• Types of taps and wrenches.

Threading Dies

• Threads are cut on external surfaces of round objects; they may be adjusted or solid.
• Working with threading dies requires careful tool handling.

Cutting Galvanized Pipes

• Common methods include hacksaws and pipe cutters

Pipe Fitting

• The job of installing and maintaining pipes and tubes.
• Tools include; pipe vise, hacksaw, pipe cutter, file, deburrer pipe threader etc.

Union

• Unions connect pipes.
• They consist of three parts: thread ends, a ring and flanges.
• Safety aspects of using unions.