Carolingian Dynasty and Charlemagne

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Questions and Answers

Who established the Carolingian Dynasty?

  • Louis the Pious
  • Charles the Bald
  • Charles Magnus
  • Pepin the Short (correct)

The Donation of Pepin refers to what?

  • The Kingdom of the Franks
  • Lorraine
  • The Papal States (correct)
  • The Holy Roman Empire

Who were the Missi Dominici?

  • Companies of soldiers sent to Charlemagne's newly conquered lands to ensure obedience
  • Pairs of royal messengers who listened to complaints (correct)
  • Teams of Church officials ensuring subjects were orthodox
  • Groups of clerks and judges sent to hear court cases

On what date was Charlemagne crowned 'Charles Augustus'?

<p>December 25, 800 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would Charlemagne have been upset about being crowned by Pope Leo III?

<p>It implied the pope had authority over kings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which religious order believed that free time was the enemy of the soul?

<p>The Benedictines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an effort to protect the innocent from war, the pope threatened rulers with ____________.

<p>excommunication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Roman Empire covered ___ continent(s).

<p>two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of mounted warriors from Asia reached the gates of Rome?

<p>Huns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the least acceptable term for the period of time in Europe following the fall of Rome?

<p>Enlightenment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unifying factor did Clovis find for the Franks?

<p>Christianity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Charlemagne's primary focus that led him to order educational reforms?

<p>Education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which language was created during the Carolingian Renaissance as a result of educational reforms?

<p>Medieval Latin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Carolingian Minuscule?

<p>The practice of writing with lowercase letters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant building exemplifies Carolingian architecture?

<p>Palatine Chapel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group descended from the Huns and was known for horseback invasions in Europe?

<p>The Magyars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of King Alfred's account of events called the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle?

<p>To unify the Anglo-Saxon identity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main responsibility of a lord in the feudal system?

<p>To protect his vassals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Anglo-Saxon king is often considered the first king of England?

<p>Ecgbehrt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event stopped the Viking invasion of England in 878?

<p>Battle of Edington (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Middle Ages

The period in European history following the fall of the Roman Empire and lasting approximately from the 5th to the 15th centuries.

Medieval Period

The period in European history following the fall of the Roman Empire and lasting approximately from the 5th to the 15th centuries.

Carolingian Renaissance

A period of renewed intellectual and artistic activity in Western Europe during the reign of Charlemagne (768-814).

Carolingian Miniscule

A style of writing with lowercase letters introduced during the Carolingian Renaissance.

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Feudalism

The system of social and political organization that prevailed in medieval Europe, characterized by reciprocal obligations between lords and vassals.

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Secular Clergy

The church officials (cardinals, archbishops, bishops, and priests) who interacted with the regular world.

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Battle of Lechfeld

A significant battle in 955 where Otto the Great of Germany decisively defeated the Magyars, halting their advance into Europe.

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Longships

The long ships used by Vikings for raiding, trading, and exploration.

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King Harald Bluetooth

The Viking king whose conversion to Christianity contributed to the eventual spread of Christianity amongst the Vikings.

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Ecgbehrt

The first king of England, who is credited with uniting the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 9th century.

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Who established the Carolingian Dynasty?

The Carolingian Dynasty was established by Pepin the Short, who overthrew the Merovingian Dynasty. He was the father of Charlemagne.

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What does the Donation of Pepin refer to?

The Donation of Pepin refers to lands donated by Pepin the Short to the Pope in 754. These lands formed the basis of the Papal States.

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Who were the Missi Dominici?

Missi Dominici were pairs of royal messengers, one a nobleman and the other an ecclesiastic official, sent by Charlemagne to ensure obedience to the law across his kingdom.

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When was Charlemagne crowned Emperor of the Romans?

Charlemagne was crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III on December 25th, 800. This event marked the revival of the Roman Empire in the West.

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Why was Charlemagne upset about being crowned by Pope Leo III?

Charlemagne was upset about being crowned by the Pope because it implied the Pope could make and unmake kings, which challenged Charlemagne's authority and asserted a greater power for the Church.

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What is monasticism?

Monasticism is a way of life in which individuals dedicate themselves to religious practice and spiritual growth through a structured lifestyle, often involving communal living and labor.

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Which religious order believed that free time was the enemy of the soul?

The Benedictine Order, founded by Saint Benedict, emphasizes a structured life focused on prayer, work, and obedience. They believe in the importance of labor, seeing idleness as harmful.

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What did the pope threaten rulers with to protect the innocent in war?

The popes threatened the rulers and warriors of Europe with excommunication to protect the innocent from the horrors of war. Excommunication meant being cut off from the Church.

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How many continents did the Roman Empire cover?

The Roman Empire covered three continents.

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Which group of mounted warriors from Asia reached the gates of Rome?

The Huns were a group of mounted warriors from Asia who reached the gates of Rome in the 5th century. They were ultimately stopped by the Bishop of Rome.

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Study Notes

Carolingian Dynasty

  • Established by Pepin the Short
  • Charles Magnus, Charles the Bald, Louis the Pious were figures associated with the dynasty, but Pepin is the founder

Donation of Pepin

  • Refers to the Papal States

Missi Dominici

  • Royal messengers who ensured subjects obeyed the law and addressed complaints

Charlemagne's Coronation

  • Crowned "Charles Augustus" on December 25, 800

Charlemagne's Coronation Controversy

  • Charlemagne's coronation by Pope Leo III implied the pope could make and unmake kings

Religious Orders and Monasticism

  • Some clergy sought monasticism as a path to serve God and avoid worldly temptation
  • The Benedictines followed a strict routine of labor, prayer, and meditation

Papal Threats of Punishment

  • The pope used excommunication to discourage violence towards the innocent

Roman Empire's Extent

  • Covered two continents

Invaders of Rome

  • The Huns reached the gates of Rome

Medieval Period Terminology

  • "Dark Ages" is the least acceptable term

Frankish Unification

  • Clovis unified the Franks through Christianity

Charlemagne's Priorities

  • Charlemagne valued education, ordering the establishment of schools in churches and monasteries

Carolingian Renaissance Achievements

  • Developed medieval Latin, a unifying language for Western Europe

Carolingian Architecture

  • The Palatine Chapel is a prominent example

Carolingian Miniscule

  • A style of lowercase writing

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

  • Alfred of Wessex commissioned an account of current events, called the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

Agobard's Epistle

  • Agobard, an Archbishop, wrote a letter
  • References the prophet Isaiah

Agobard's Role

  • Agobard held the position of Archbishop.

Agobard's Letter Purpose

  • To guide the King to seek God

Carolingian Dynasty Founder

  • Pepin the Short

Louis the Pious's Actions

  • The king's men complained against him

Clergy Categories

  • Cardinals, archbishops, bishops, and priests are members of the secular clergy

Carolingian Architecture Example

  • The Palatine Chapel

Roman Empire Division

  • Diocletian divided the empire into Eastern and Western halves

Invaders from the East

  • The Magyars

Viking Vessels

  • Longships were a symbol of the Vikings

Viking Raid on Paris

  • In 845, the Vikings captured Paris

Viking Conversion to Christianity

  • King Harald Bluetooth was partially instrumental in converting the Vikings to Christianity

Magyar Defeat

  • The Magyars were defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955

Anglo-Saxon King and Viking Defeat

  • Alfred defeated the Vikings at the Battle of Edington

First English King

  • Alfred of Wessex

Medieval Ruler Mimicry

  • Alfred the Great mimicked Charlemagne

Most Devastating Medieval Invaders

  • The Vikings

Commoner Protection During Invasions

  • Local nobles

Lord's Responsibility in Feudalism

  • To protect his vassals

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