Carmarthenshire: Geography and History Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a sport that can be done in Carmarthenshire?

  • Horse riding
  • Abseiling
  • Cycling
  • Tennis (correct)
  • Which team plays in the Welsh Football League Division Two?

  • Llanelli RFC
  • Llanelli Town A.F.C (correct)
  • Carmarthen Town A.F.C
  • Scarlets
  • Which team plays in the Pro14?

  • Carmarthen Town A.F.C
  • Llanelli Town A.F.C
  • Llanelli RFC
  • Scarlets (correct)
  • What is the name of the golf course opened in 2005?

    <p>Machynys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rugby team has won the WRU Challenge Cup on fourteen occasions?

    <p>Llanelli RFC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the National Botanic Garden of Wales located?

    <p>Carmarthen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the customizable transport service operating in the northern part of the county?

    <p>fflecsi Bwcabus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a town/village mentioned in the county?

    <p>Aberaeron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of the county?

    <p>Mountain ranges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the county town and administrative centre of Carmarthenshire?

    <p>Carmarthen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major event occurred during the early 15th century in Carmarthenshire?

    <p>The rebellion under Owain Glyndŵr (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nickname is given to Carmarthenshire?

    <p>The Garden of Wales (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activity does the economy of Carmarthenshire primarily depend on?

    <p>Tourism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which famous literary figure's boathouse is located in Laugharne, Carmarthenshire?

    <p>Dylan Thomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medieval settlements were part of the kingdom of the Demetae before the Romans arrived?

    <p>Carmarthen and Laugharne (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the geographic feature of much of Carmarthenshire's coast?

    <p>Fairly flat and sandy beaches (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant industry in the north of Carmarthenshire during the 18th century?

    <p>Woollen industry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What industry was Kidwelly known for in the eighteenth century?

    <p>Tin-plating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which town was considered the world-centre of the tin-plating industry by the end of the nineteenth century?

    <p>Llanelli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the gross value added (GVA) per head in West Wales identified in 2014?

    <p>£14,763 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the sectors highlighted in Carmarthenshire's fifteen-year plan to boost the economy?

    <p>Automotive manufacturing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the population of Carmarthenshire in 1951?

    <p>164,800 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of power was used to drive the looms in the woollen industry in the Teifi Valley?

    <p>Water power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which community council area was transferred to Pembrokeshire in 2003?

    <p>Clynderwen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 2011, what percentage of Carmarthenshire's population could speak Welsh?

    <p>43.9% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the population density in Carmarthenshire compared to Wales as a whole?

    <p>0.8 persons per hectare (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant archaeological site in Carmarthenshire?

    <p>Carn Goch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location served at one time for the export of coal but has seen a decline in trade?

    <p>Kidwelly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary agricultural activity on upland pastures and marginal land in this region?

    <p>Cattle and sheep rearing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which castle is noted for its accessibility among ruins in Carmarthenshire?

    <p>Carreg Cennen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of products have emerged for farmers as opportunities to diversify?

    <p>Specialist food products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is significant about the fort at Carmarthen?

    <p>It dates from around 75 AD. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which medieval kingdom did Carmarthenshire have its early roots?

    <p>Kingdom of Deheubarth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event took place in Carmarthen in 1405?

    <p>Capture of Carmarthen Castle by Owain Glyndŵr (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What transformation did the Normans bring to Carmarthen?

    <p>It transformed into an international trading port. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river is the longest flowing entirely within Wales?

    <p>River Towy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable historical figure captured Carmarthen Castle during the early 15th century?

    <p>Owain Glyndŵr (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused fluctuations in the fortunes of Carmarthenshire during the late medieval period?

    <p>High taxes and episodes of plague (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest point in Carmarthenshire?

    <p>Fan Foel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant building was established in Carmarthen after the Conquest of Wales?

    <p>The Court of Great Sessions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the main sources of income in Carmarthenshire?

    <p>Agriculture and forestry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event did the Rebecca Riots protest against?

    <p>Higher taxes and tolls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which town remains the county town of Carmarthenshire due to its central location?

    <p>Carmarthen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which industrial infrastructure was built in Carmarthenshire in 1768?

    <p>The first industrial canal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affected the agricultural sector in Carmarthenshire during the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

    <p>Demand for coal and agricultural goods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical feature mainly bounds Carmarthenshire to the south?

    <p>Bristol Channel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Where is Carmarthenshire?

    Carmarthenshire is a county in southwest Wales known for its beautiful scenery and natural attractions.

    What is the county town of Carmarthenshire?

    The county town and administrative center of Carmarthenshire is Carmarthen.

    Why is Carmarthenshire called "The Garden of Wales"?

    Carmarthenshire is nicknamed 'The Garden of Wales' due to its beautiful countryside and National Botanic Garden of Wales.

    What are some historical attractions in Carmarthenshire?

    Carmarthenshire has a rich history, evident in its numerous medieval castles, hillforts, and standing stones.

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    What are the key industries of Carmarthenshire?

    Carmarthenshire's economy revolves around agriculture, forestry, fishing, and tourism.

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    What are the three largest towns in Carmarthenshire?

    Llanelli, Carmarthen, and Ammanford are the three largest towns in Carmarthenshire.

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    What is a major coastal feature of Carmarthenshire?

    The Millenium Coastal Park is a 10-mile long park in Carmarthenshire offering beautiful coastal views.

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    What are some important historical periods in Carmarthenshire?

    Carmarthenshire's history includes periods of Roman settlement, medieval rule, and Welsh rebellions.

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    Wales Coast Path

    This path provides a continuous walking route around the whole of Wales.

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    National Botanic Garden of Wales

    This garden displays plants from Wales and from all around the world.

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    Carmarthenshire County Museum

    This organization provides opportunities to explore the past.

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    Carmarthen Town A.F.C.

    This sports team plays in the Cymru Premier and has won the Welsh Cup once and the Welsh League Cup Twice.

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    Llanelli RFC

    This team plays in the Welsh Premier Division and has won the WRU Challenge Cup on fourteen occasions.

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    Ffos Las Racecourse

    This racecourse was built on the site of an open cast coal mine.

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    Machynys Golf Course

    This golf course is a championship course built as part of the Llanelli Waterside regeneration plan.

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    Pembrey Circuit

    This circuit is considered the home of Welsh motorsport, providing racing for cars, motorcycles, karts and trucks.

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    Heart of Wales Line

    This railway line takes a scenic route through mid-Wales and links Llanelli with Craven Arms.

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    fflecsi Bwcabus

    This bus service operates in the north of the county, offering customized transport to rural dwellers.

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    Carmarthen's historical significance?

    Dating back to around 75 AD, Carmarthen, located in southwest Wales, is considered the oldest continually occupied town in Wales due to its Roman fort and nearby amphitheatre.

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    What was the historical region of Carmarthenshire known as?

    The Vale of [the river] Tywi, historically referred to as Ystrad Tywi, was part of the Kingdom of Deheubarth during the High Middle Ages, with its court situated at Dinefwr.

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    What was the purpose of the Roman fort at Carmarthen?

    The Romans established a fort at Carmarthen around 75 AD, strategically controlling the southwest of Wales.

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    Who fought for control over Carmarthenshire after the Norman conquest?

    Carmarthenshire was contested ground between the Normans and Welsh lords, leading to numerous castle changes of hands.

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    How did Carmarthenshire become a county?

    Following the conquest of Wales by Edward I, Carmarthenshire was reorganized as a county by the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284.

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    What role did Carmarthen play after becoming a county?

    Edward I established Carmarthen as the capital of the newly formed county, holding courts and administrative offices there.

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    What was Carmarthen's role during the Norman period?

    Carmarthen was transformed into a bustling trading port by the Normans, becoming the only staple port in Wales, importing and exporting various goods.

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    Why was Carmarthen vulnerable to the plague?

    Carmarthen was particularly susceptible to plague due to its role as a port, with ships arriving from southern France, bringing flea-infested rats.

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    Who challenged English rule in Carmarthenshire in the 15th century?

    Owain Glyndŵr, a Welsh leader, briefly captured Carmarthen Castle and other strongholds in 1405, aiming to liberate Wales from English rule.

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    How did Carmarthen Castle play a role in the English Civil War?

    During the English Civil War, Carmarthen Castle changed hands multiple times between Parliamentarian and Royalist forces, reflecting the conflict's regional dynamics.

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    What was the significance of the first industrial canal in Wales?

    The first industrial canal in Wales, built in 1768, was designed to transport coal from the Gwendraeth Valley to the coast, initiating industrial development in the area.

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    How did the Napoleonic Wars impact Carmarthenshire's economy?

    The Napoleonic Wars (1799–1815) boosted demand for coal, iron, and agricultural goods, contributing to Carmarthenshire's economic prosperity.

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    What were the Rebecca Riots and why did they take place?

    The Rebecca Riots, a series of protests by farmers and agricultural workers, occurred around 1840, driven by grievances against higher taxes and tolls.

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    What is mozzarella cheese?

    A traditional type of cheese made from cow's milk, originating in Italy.

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    What is livestock rearing?

    Relating to the raising of animals, particularly cattle and sheep, for agricultural purposes.

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    What are cockles?

    A type of coastal marine mollusk that is harvested from the sea.

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    What is opencast mining?

    The process of extracting coal from the earth.

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    What is terraced housing?

    A type of housing that typically features rows of terraced houses.

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    What is tin-plating?

    The process of coating metal with a thin layer of tin.

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    What is livestock trading?

    The act of trading or selling livestock, often at a specific designated place.

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    What is water-power?

    The power derived from flowing water, often used to drive machinery.

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    What is gross value added (GVA)?

    A measure of economic output per person, indicating the level of economic activity.

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    What is diversification?

    Actions or strategies undertaken to make a business or operation more diverse.

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    What is tourism?

    The act of attracting visitors to a place for the purpose of experiencing its attractions.

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    What are creative industries?

    The creation and distribution of cultural products such as films, music, and art.

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    What is a country park?

    A type of park that offers recreational activities and opportunities to connect with nature.

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    What is an Iron Age fort?

    A type of fort or stronghold built during the Iron Age.

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    What is a chambered cairn?

    A monument built during the Bronze Age, often consisting of a large mound of stones.

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    Study Notes

    Carmarthenshire: Geography and History

    • Carmarthenshire is a county in south-west Wales, known as the "Garden of Wales", with Llanelli, Carmarthen, and Ammanford as its largest towns.
    • Carmarthen is the county town and administrative centre.
    • Primarily agricultural, with some historic industrial areas.
    • The county is bordered by Ceredigion, Powys, Neath Port Talbot, Swansea, the Bristol Channel, and Pembrokeshire.
    • Highest point: Fan Foel (781 metres).
    • Important rivers: River Towy, River Loughor, River Gwendraeth, River Taf, and River Teifi.
    • Features notable beaches: Pendine Sands, Cefn Sidan sands.

    Carmarthenshire: History and Timeline

    • Inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of Neanderthal presence.
    • Part of the Demetae kingdom, with Moridunum (Carmarthen) as a chief settlement.
    • Roman fort established at Carmarthen, around 75 AD.
    • Part of the Kingdom of Deheubarth during the High Middle Ages.
    • Subjugated by Edward I of England and reorganized in 1284.
    • Carmarthen designated as county capital by Edward I.
    • Disputes between Normans and Welsh lords, leading to castle construction and changing hands.
    • Significant Welsh rebellions, like Owain Glyndŵr's in the 15th century.
    • The county experienced periods of unrest during the English Civil War.
    • Contributed to the industrial revolution with coal mining, steel, woollen industry, and tin-plating.
    • Became an administrative county under the Local Government Act 1888.
    • Abolished and reconstituted, becoming three districts within Dyfed (1974-1996).
    • Re-established as a county in 1996.

    Carmarthenshire: Economy and Industry

    • Primarily agricultural, with improved pastures for dairying.
    • Historically, livestock rearing.
    • Historic woollen industry in Teifi Valley, once thriving, declining in the 20th century.
    • Coal mining and steel-making once prominent in the southeast, now ceased.
    • Tin-plating industry in Kidwelly and Llanelli during 18th and 19th centuries.
    • Tourism a growing sector.
    • West Wales was identified in 2014 as the UK's worst-performing region.
    • Economic initiatives aimed at diversifying farming and creating jobs.
    • A 15-year plan by Carmarthenshire County Council to create 5000 jobs.

    Carmarthenshire: Population and Demography

    • 171,445 population in 1931, 164,800 in 1951 and, 183,777 in 2011.
    • Population density lower than Wales as a whole (0.8 persons per hectare compared to 1.5).
    • Historically Welsh-speaking, with a decline in Welsh speakers in the 19th and 20th centuries, further decrease reported in the 2021 census.
    • Decline in Welsh speakers was the largest in Wales in the 2021 census.

    Carmarthenshire: Tourism and Amenities

    • Offers a wide range of outdoor activities, historic sites (castles, hillforts, standing stones)
    • Millennium Coastal Park, National Wetlands Centre
    • Coastal beaches (e.g., Llansteffan, Pendine).
    • Numerous museums (Carmarthenshire County Museum, National Wool Museum, Parc Howard Museum, Pendine Museum of Speed, West Wales Museum of Childhood),
    • Dylan Thomas Boathouse, Dolaucothi Gold Mines.
    • Activities like hiking, wildlife observation.

    Carmarthenshire: Transport and Infrastructure

    • Served by main-line railway services connecting to London, Cardiff, Swansea.
    • Carmarthen railway station as a hub.
    • Regional road network (A40, A48, A484, A485) linking to other parts of Wales.
    • Bus services connecting towns and cities.

    Carmarthenshire: Sports and Recreation

    • Carmarthen Town A.F.C. and Llanelli Town A.F.C.
    • Scarlets (professional rugby union).
    • Llanelli RFC (semi-professional rugby union).
    • West Wales Raiders (Rugby League).
    • Ffos Las racecourse (horse racing), Machynys golf course, Pembrey Circuit (motor racing)

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    Description

    Explore the rich geography and history of Carmarthenshire, a captivating county in southwest Wales. From its agricultural landscape to notable historical events, discover key aspects including its largest towns, natural features, and ancient settlements. This quiz provides insights into the timeline of Carmarthenshire's past and its significance in Welsh history.

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