Carl Jung's Concepts in Psychology

Collective Unconscious and Archetypes

• Collective unconscious: collective experiences during a revolutionary past or the accumulation of ancestral experience
• Archetype: inherited predisposition to respond to certain aspects of the world
• 12 archetypes: Innocent, Everyman, Hero, Outlaw, Explorer, Creator, Ruler, Magician, Lover, Caregiver, Jester, and Sage

Persona and Syzygy

• Persona: one’s need to play a role in society; “one’s public self”
• Syzygy: the pair of Anima (female component of a male) and Animus (male component of a female)

Shadow and the Self

• Shadow: darkest deepest part of the psyche; inherited from pre-human ancestor; contains raw animal instinct and desire
• The Self: the whole of psyche and its potential; its goal is wholeness and harmony, thus the self-actualization
• Mandala: a symbol of self, which means circle

Individuation and Synchronicity

• Individuation: the differentiation of the parts of the psyche or personality; process of finding harmony between all components of the psyche and embracing one’s individuality
• Synchronicity: or meaningful coincidence is when one fantasizes an event, and it occurs

Progression and Regression

• Progression: forward movement of libidinal energy
• Regression: backward movement of libidinal energy

Dynamics of Personality

• Principle of Equivalence: if a particular value weakens, the sum of energy represented by the value will not be lost, but it will reappear in a new value
• Principle of Entropy: if two values are of unequal strength, energy will tend to pass from the strongest to the weaker value until balance is reached

Individual Psychology (Alfred Adler)

• Described unconsciousness as a temporary state of unawareness
• Each person can create their own personalities with conscious intent to achieve their goals
• Unity of Personality: principle proposing that individual is not internally divided nor driven by conflicting internal forces; each aspect of personality is pointing at the same direction and is subordinated to the individual’s style of life

Structure of Personality

• Organ of Inferiority: people are more vulnerable to disease in organs that are less developed, or inferior to other organs
• Feelings of Inferiority: children start life with feeling inferior because they are completely dependent; feeling of being weak, inferior, and impotent stimulates the desire for power
• Striving for Superiority: is a fundamental fact of life; an innate need from the time of birth
• Style of Life: means by which an individual attempts to gain superiority; one’s lifestyle crystallizes at the age of 4 or 5
• Fictional Finalism: Fictional future goal which a person aspires for
• Safeguarding Techniques: protective devices that enable a person protect their self-image and maintain their style of life; Excuses, Aggression, Withdrawal

Deviance and Deviant Behavior

• Primary Deviance: refers to the initial act of rule breaking; behavior that does not conform to the social norms, but the behavior might be temporary, fleeting, exploratory, trivial, or especially, concealed from the most differently
• Secondary Deviance: occurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant accepts that new identity and continues the deviant behavior
• Elements useful in Understanding Deviance
  • Deviance as negative quality
  • Deviance and conformity are necessarily linked together; each implies the existence of the other
  • Good cannot exist without reference to evil, its opposite
• Theoretical Foundations
  • Strain Theory (Robert K. Merton)
  • Differential Association Theory
  • Rational Choice Theory
  • Conflict Theory
  • Social Exchange Theory
  • Transpersonal Theory

Five Major Practice Models in Social Work

• 1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
• 2. Crisis Intervention Model
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