Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the most cost-effective public health measure to prevent dental caries?
Which of the following is the most cost-effective public health measure to prevent dental caries?
- Chlorhexidine/thymol varnish
- Antimicrobial mouthrinses
- Community water-fluoridation (correct)
- Sugar-free chewing gum
What is the recommended free sugar intake according to the WHO and SACN?
What is the recommended free sugar intake according to the WHO and SACN?
- 10% of daily energy intake
- 5% of daily energy intake (correct)
- 20% of daily energy intake
- 15% of daily energy intake
What is the primary purpose of using sugar-free chewing gum for 10-20 minutes after meals?
What is the primary purpose of using sugar-free chewing gum for 10-20 minutes after meals?
- To reduce coronal caries (correct)
- To reduce gum disease
- To increase saliva flow rate
- To strengthen tooth enamel
What is the highest standard of evidence for the effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste?
What is the highest standard of evidence for the effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste?
What is the primary use of dental sealants for adults?
What is the primary use of dental sealants for adults?
What is the purpose of non-fluoride remineralizing agents?
What is the purpose of non-fluoride remineralizing agents?
What strategy should be employed to prevent further demineralization and possibly reverse the caries process in favor of remineralization?
What strategy should be employed to prevent further demineralization and possibly reverse the caries process in favor of remineralization?
What is the recommended approach for managing early caries lesions?
What is the recommended approach for managing early caries lesions?
Which agent is effective in arresting dentin but has limited evidence for early enamel caries remineralization?
Which agent is effective in arresting dentin but has limited evidence for early enamel caries remineralization?
What is the primary purpose of resin infiltration in managing caries lesions?
What is the primary purpose of resin infiltration in managing caries lesions?
Which strategy is applicable for both primary and secondary prevention of dental caries?
Which strategy is applicable for both primary and secondary prevention of dental caries?
What should be assessed to determine the activity state of early caries lesions?
What should be assessed to determine the activity state of early caries lesions?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the patient at home and requires no eating or drinking for 30 minutes after?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the patient at home and requires no eating or drinking for 30 minutes after?
Which fluoride treatment is typically applied by the dentist in the clinic and contains 38% Silver diamine fluoride?
Which fluoride treatment is typically applied by the dentist in the clinic and contains 38% Silver diamine fluoride?
Which fluoride treatment is professionally applied and contains 5% NaF (2.26% F-)?
Which fluoride treatment is professionally applied and contains 5% NaF (2.26% F-)?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the patient at home with a weekly application of 0.2% NaF (900ppm F-)?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the patient at home with a weekly application of 0.2% NaF (900ppm F-)?
Which fluoride treatment is professionally applied and contains 1.23% F- (12300 ppm F)?
Which fluoride treatment is professionally applied and contains 1.23% F- (12300 ppm F)?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the patient at home instead of daily toothpaste with a size of a pea?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the patient at home instead of daily toothpaste with a size of a pea?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the dentist in the clinic with a typical application of 0.2-0.5 ml varnish?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the dentist in the clinic with a typical application of 0.2-0.5 ml varnish?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the dentist in the clinic with a 2%NaF content (0.9% F- - 9040 ppm F)?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the dentist in the clinic with a 2%NaF content (0.9% F- - 9040 ppm F)?
"Resin Infiltration Technique" is referenced in which source about dental caries prevention and management?
"Resin Infiltration Technique" is referenced in which source about dental caries prevention and management?
What is the primary aim of caries prevention in the absence of the disease?
What is the primary aim of caries prevention in the absence of the disease?
Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention for caries?
Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention for caries?
What is the level of evidence for sealants as a caries prevention strategy?
What is the level of evidence for sealants as a caries prevention strategy?
Which type of fluoride application is considered a professional application?
Which type of fluoride application is considered a professional application?
What is the primary aim of secondary prevention for caries?
What is the primary aim of secondary prevention for caries?
Which caries prevention strategy involves chewing gum for salivary stimulation?
Which caries prevention strategy involves chewing gum for salivary stimulation?
Which caries prevention strategy aims at reducing the impact of caries as early as possible by preventing further tooth destruction?
Which caries prevention strategy aims at reducing the impact of caries as early as possible by preventing further tooth destruction?
What is the primary purpose of using sugar-free chewing gum for 10-20 minutes after meals?
What is the primary purpose of using sugar-free chewing gum for 10-20 minutes after meals?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the dentist in the clinic with a typical application of 0.2-0.5 ml varnish?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the dentist in the clinic with a typical application of 0.2-0.5 ml varnish?
What is the recommended free sugar intake according to the WHO and SACN?
What is the recommended free sugar intake according to the WHO and SACN?
Which fluoride treatment is professionally applied and contains 1.23% F- (12300 ppm F)?
Which fluoride treatment is professionally applied and contains 1.23% F- (12300 ppm F)?
What strategy should be employed to prevent further demineralization and possibly reverse the caries process in favor of remineralization?
What strategy should be employed to prevent further demineralization and possibly reverse the caries process in favor of remineralization?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the patient at home with a weekly application of 0.2% NaF (900ppm F-)?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the patient at home with a weekly application of 0.2% NaF (900ppm F-)?
What should be assessed to determine the activity state of early caries lesions?
What should be assessed to determine the activity state of early caries lesions?
What is the primary use of dental sealants for adults?
What is the primary use of dental sealants for adults?
What is the highest standard of evidence for the effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste?
What is the highest standard of evidence for the effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste?
Which strategy is applicable for both primary and secondary prevention of dental caries?
Which strategy is applicable for both primary and secondary prevention of dental caries?
What is the primary aim of non-fluoride remineralizing agents?
What is the primary aim of non-fluoride remineralizing agents?
Which strategy is applicable for both primary and secondary prevention of dental caries?
Which strategy is applicable for both primary and secondary prevention of dental caries?
What is the recommended approach for managing early caries lesions?
What is the recommended approach for managing early caries lesions?
Which fluoride treatment is professionally applied and contains 5% NaF (2.26% F-)?
Which fluoride treatment is professionally applied and contains 5% NaF (2.26% F-)?
What is the highest standard of evidence for the effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste?
What is the highest standard of evidence for the effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste?
What should be assessed to determine the activity state of early caries lesions?
What should be assessed to determine the activity state of early caries lesions?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the patient at home and requires no eating or drinking for 30 minutes after?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the patient at home and requires no eating or drinking for 30 minutes after?
What is the primary purpose of using sugar-free chewing gum for 10-20 minutes after meals?
What is the primary purpose of using sugar-free chewing gum for 10-20 minutes after meals?
Which agent is effective in arresting dentin but has limited evidence for early enamel caries remineralization?
Which agent is effective in arresting dentin but has limited evidence for early enamel caries remineralization?
What is the primary purpose of resin infiltration in managing caries lesions?
What is the primary purpose of resin infiltration in managing caries lesions?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the dentist in the clinic with a typical application of 0.2-0.5 ml varnish?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the dentist in the clinic with a typical application of 0.2-0.5 ml varnish?
What is the recommended free sugar intake according to the WHO and SACN?
What is the recommended free sugar intake according to the WHO and SACN?
Which fluoride treatment has the highest fluoride ion (F-) concentration when applied by the patient at home?
Which fluoride treatment has the highest fluoride ion (F-) concentration when applied by the patient at home?
What is the primary use of silver diamine fluoride varnish applied by the dentist in the clinic?
What is the primary use of silver diamine fluoride varnish applied by the dentist in the clinic?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the dentist in the clinic and contains 5% NaF (2.26% F-)?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the dentist in the clinic and contains 5% NaF (2.26% F-)?
What is the recommended free sugar intake according to WHO and SACN?
What is the recommended free sugar intake according to WHO and SACN?
Which fluoride treatment is a professional application and contains 38% Silver diamine fluoride (5-5.9% F-)?
Which fluoride treatment is a professional application and contains 38% Silver diamine fluoride (5-5.9% F-)?
What is the primary purpose of resin infiltration in managing caries lesions?
What is the primary purpose of resin infiltration in managing caries lesions?
Which fluoride treatment is professionally applied and contains 1.23% F- (12300 ppm F)?
Which fluoride treatment is professionally applied and contains 1.23% F- (12300 ppm F)?
What strategy should be employed to prevent further demineralization and possibly reverse the caries process in favor of remineralization?
What strategy should be employed to prevent further demineralization and possibly reverse the caries process in favor of remineralization?
What is the primary aim of secondary prevention for caries?
What is the primary aim of secondary prevention for caries?
Which fluoride treatment is typically applied by the dentist in the clinic with a typical application of 0.2-0.5 ml varnish?
Which fluoride treatment is typically applied by the dentist in the clinic with a typical application of 0.2-0.5 ml varnish?
Which agent is effective in arresting dentin but has limited evidence for early enamel caries remineralization?
Which agent is effective in arresting dentin but has limited evidence for early enamel caries remineralization?
What is the level of evidence for sealants as a caries prevention strategy?
What is the level of evidence for sealants as a caries prevention strategy?
What is the primary aim of tertiary prevention for caries?
What is the primary aim of tertiary prevention for caries?
What is the typical application of fluoride varnish when professionally applied?
What is the typical application of fluoride varnish when professionally applied?
What is the recommended approach for managing early caries lesions?
What is the recommended approach for managing early caries lesions?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the patient at home instead of daily toothpaste?
Which fluoride treatment is applied by the patient at home instead of daily toothpaste?
What is the primary purpose of resin infiltration in managing caries lesions?
What is the primary purpose of resin infiltration in managing caries lesions?
What is the recommended free sugar intake according to the WHO and SACN?
What is the recommended free sugar intake according to the WHO and SACN?
Which caries prevention strategy involves chewing gum for salivary stimulation?
Which caries prevention strategy involves chewing gum for salivary stimulation?
Which fluoride treatment has the highest fluoride ion concentration when applied by the patient at home?
Which fluoride treatment has the highest fluoride ion concentration when applied by the patient at home?
What is the primary use of dental sealants for adults?
What is the primary use of dental sealants for adults?
What is the primary aim of secondary prevention for caries?
What is the primary aim of secondary prevention for caries?
What is the primary purpose of using sugar-free chewing gum for 10-20 minutes after meals?
What is the primary purpose of using sugar-free chewing gum for 10-20 minutes after meals?
What is the level of evidence for sealants as a caries prevention strategy?
What is the level of evidence for sealants as a caries prevention strategy?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in 1% NaF paste or gel?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in 1% NaF paste or gel?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in 1.1% NaF used by the patient at home?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in 1.1% NaF used by the patient at home?
What fluoride treatment should be applied by the patient at home instead of daily toothpaste?
What fluoride treatment should be applied by the patient at home instead of daily toothpaste?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in 5% NaF fluoride varnish applied by the dentist in the clinic?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in 5% NaF fluoride varnish applied by the dentist in the clinic?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) gel applied by the dentist in the clinic?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) gel applied by the dentist in the clinic?
What is the primary component of Silver diamine fluoride varnish applied by the dentist in the clinic?
What is the primary component of Silver diamine fluoride varnish applied by the dentist in the clinic?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in 0.2% NaF fluoride mouthwash applied by the patient at home weekly?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in 0.2% NaF fluoride mouthwash applied by the patient at home weekly?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in 2%NaF fluoride gel (Neutral) applied by the dentist in the clinic?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in 2%NaF fluoride gel (Neutral) applied by the dentist in the clinic?
What is the primary use of dental sealants for adults?
What is the primary use of dental sealants for adults?
What should be the immediate action after applying fluoride toothpaste to prolong the preventive effect of fluoride?
What should be the immediate action after applying fluoride toothpaste to prolong the preventive effect of fluoride?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in 0.05% NaF fluoride mouthwash applied by the patient at home daily?
What is the fluoride ion concentration in 0.05% NaF fluoride mouthwash applied by the patient at home daily?
What fluoride treatment should be applied by the patient at home after the procedure with no eating/drinking for 30 minutes?
What fluoride treatment should be applied by the patient at home after the procedure with no eating/drinking for 30 minutes?
What is the primary use of sugar-free chewing gum for 10-20 minutes after meals?
What is the primary use of sugar-free chewing gum for 10-20 minutes after meals?
What is the recommended maximum daily intake of free sugar according to WHO and SACN?
What is the recommended maximum daily intake of free sugar according to WHO and SACN?
What is the most cost-effective public health measure to prevent dental caries?
What is the most cost-effective public health measure to prevent dental caries?
What is the highest standard of evidence for the effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste?
What is the highest standard of evidence for the effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste?
What is the primary aim of non-fluoride remineralizing agents?
What is the primary aim of non-fluoride remineralizing agents?
What is the typical application frequency of 5% NaF varnish for early enamel caries remineralization?
What is the typical application frequency of 5% NaF varnish for early enamel caries remineralization?
What is the recommended approach for managing early caries lesions?
What is the recommended approach for managing early caries lesions?
What is the primary purpose of resin infiltration in managing caries lesions?
What is the primary purpose of resin infiltration in managing caries lesions?
What is the typical fluoride concentration in 38% silver diamine fluoride used for arresting dentin?
What is the typical fluoride concentration in 38% silver diamine fluoride used for arresting dentin?
What is the primary use of therapeutic dental sealants?
What is the primary use of therapeutic dental sealants?
What is the recommended duration for chewing sugar-free gum after meals to reduce coronal caries?
What is the recommended duration for chewing sugar-free gum after meals to reduce coronal caries?
What is the recommended frequency of recall visits for caries prevention?
What is the recommended frequency of recall visits for caries prevention?
Controlling biofilm formation and toothbrushing and flossing alone have ______ evidence
Controlling biofilm formation and toothbrushing and flossing alone have ______ evidence
Higher fluoride toothpastes are more effective, with the highest standard of evidence for effectiveness being ______
Higher fluoride toothpastes are more effective, with the highest standard of evidence for effectiveness being ______
For older individuals, higher risk of root caries can be managed with 5000 ppm fluoride paste/gel ______ a day
For older individuals, higher risk of root caries can be managed with 5000 ppm fluoride paste/gel ______ a day
Professional application of fluoride gels leads to a reduction of ______ in caries
Professional application of fluoride gels leads to a reduction of ______ in caries
Dental sealants are mostly used for ______ prevention in adults
Dental sealants are mostly used for ______ prevention in adults
The recommended free sugar intake according to WHO and SACN is ______ of daily energy intake
The recommended free sugar intake according to WHO and SACN is ______ of daily energy intake
Sugar-free chewing gum for 10-20 minutes after meals helps to reduce ______ caries
Sugar-free chewing gum for 10-20 minutes after meals helps to reduce ______ caries
Saliva flow rate and composition is important in salivary ______
Saliva flow rate and composition is important in salivary ______
5% NaF varnish is effective for early enamel caries ______
5% NaF varnish is effective for early enamel caries ______
38% silver diamine fluoride is effective in arresting ______
38% silver diamine fluoride is effective in arresting ______
Therapeutic dental sealants reduce the number of viable bacteria when placed over ______ lesions
Therapeutic dental sealants reduce the number of viable bacteria when placed over ______ lesions
Management of early caries lesions should involve the least invasive approach that prevents disease progression and empowers the patient to improve and maintain their own ______ health
Management of early caries lesions should involve the least invasive approach that prevents disease progression and empowers the patient to improve and maintain their own ______ health
Primary prevention aims at preventing caries before it occurs by preventing exposure to what causes the disease — modifying unhealthy behaviors — increasing resistance to the disease. Most effectively done by preventing exposure to ______.
Primary prevention aims at preventing caries before it occurs by preventing exposure to what causes the disease — modifying unhealthy behaviors — increasing resistance to the disease. Most effectively done by preventing exposure to ______.
Secondary prevention aims at reducing the impact of caries as early as possible by preventing further tooth destruction. Accomplished through early detection and ______ intervention.
Secondary prevention aims at reducing the impact of caries as early as possible by preventing further tooth destruction. Accomplished through early detection and ______ intervention.
Tertiary prevention aims at softening the impact of later stages of caries (cavity) by preventing — hard tissue destruction, — pulpal involvement and tooth loss, — restoring function and aesthetics. Tertiary prevention is for later stages of caries such as ______.
Tertiary prevention aims at softening the impact of later stages of caries (cavity) by preventing — hard tissue destruction, — pulpal involvement and tooth loss, — restoring function and aesthetics. Tertiary prevention is for later stages of caries such as ______.
The level of evidence for fluoride as a caries prevention strategy is ______ to ______.
The level of evidence for fluoride as a caries prevention strategy is ______ to ______.
Sealants are highly effective if applied ______.
Sealants are highly effective if applied ______.
Salivary stimulation can be achieved through ______ gum.
Salivary stimulation can be achieved through ______ gum.
Behavioral changes in ______ are an important aspect of caries prevention.
Behavioral changes in ______ are an important aspect of caries prevention.
Antimicrobial strategies can be ______-specific or ______-specific.
Antimicrobial strategies can be ______-specific or ______-specific.
The primary aim of dental sealants is ______ prevention.
The primary aim of dental sealants is ______ prevention.
5% NaF varnish is a professional application of ______.
5% NaF varnish is a professional application of ______.
The typical concentration of fluoride in 38% silver diamine fluoride used for arresting dentin is ______.
The typical concentration of fluoride in 38% silver diamine fluoride used for arresting dentin is ______.
The primary aim of caries prevention in the absence of the disease is to prevent exposure to ______.
The primary aim of caries prevention in the absence of the disease is to prevent exposure to ______.
Application Procedures: Fluoride toothpaste is applied by the patient at home. Adults > 1000 ppm F ion (F-) — Brush can be ______ before paste is applied
Application Procedures: Fluoride toothpaste is applied by the patient at home. Adults > 1000 ppm F ion (F-) — Brush can be ______ before paste is applied
Application Procedures: Fluoride toothpaste is applied by the patient at home. Adults > 1000 ppm F ion (F-) — Instead of wetting to soften the bristles, a ______ brush is recommended
Application Procedures: Fluoride toothpaste is applied by the patient at home. Adults > 1000 ppm F ion (F-) — Instead of wetting to soften the bristles, a ______ brush is recommended
Application Procedures: Fluoride toothpaste is applied by the patient at home. Adults > 1000 ppm F ion (F-) — After brushing, excess paste should be ______
Application Procedures: Fluoride toothpaste is applied by the patient at home. Adults > 1000 ppm F ion (F-) — After brushing, excess paste should be ______
Application Procedures: Fluoride toothpaste is applied by the patient at home. Adults > 1000 ppm F ion (F-) — Immediately after brushing, it is recommended to not rinse the mouth with ______
Application Procedures: Fluoride toothpaste is applied by the patient at home. Adults > 1000 ppm F ion (F-) — Immediately after brushing, it is recommended to not rinse the mouth with ______
Application Procedures: Fluoride paste/gel/foam is applied by the patient at home. 1.1% NaF - 5000 ppm F— Instead of daily toothpaste, the application is the same as traditional fluoride toothpastes — After the procedure, no eating/drinking for ______
Application Procedures: Fluoride paste/gel/foam is applied by the patient at home. 1.1% NaF - 5000 ppm F— Instead of daily toothpaste, the application is the same as traditional fluoride toothpastes — After the procedure, no eating/drinking for ______
Application Procedures: Fluoride mouthwash is applied by the patient at home — 0.2% NaF (900ppm F-) → weekly application — 0.05% NaF (225 ppm F-) → daily ______
Application Procedures: Fluoride mouthwash is applied by the patient at home — 0.2% NaF (900ppm F-) → weekly application — 0.05% NaF (225 ppm F-) → daily ______
Application Procedures: Fluoride varnish is applied by the dentist in the clinic — 1 ml/50 mg NaF → 22.6 mg F— 5% NaF → 2.26% F- → 22600 ppm F— Typical application 0.2-0.5 ml varnish → 5-11 mg F(5000-11000 ______)
Application Procedures: Fluoride varnish is applied by the dentist in the clinic — 1 ml/50 mg NaF → 22.6 mg F— 5% NaF → 2.26% F- → 22600 ppm F— Typical application 0.2-0.5 ml varnish → 5-11 mg F(5000-11000 ______)
Application Procedures: Fluoride gel (Neutral and APF) is applied by the dentist in the clinic — Neutral NaF: 2%NaF → 0.9% F- → 9040 ppm F— Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF): 1.23% F- →12300 ______
Application Procedures: Fluoride gel (Neutral and APF) is applied by the dentist in the clinic — Neutral NaF: 2%NaF → 0.9% F- → 9040 ppm F— Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF): 1.23% F- →12300 ______
Application Procedures: Silver diamine fluoride varnish is applied by the dentist in the clinic — 38% Silver diamine fluoride (5-5.9% F-) — ______
Application Procedures: Silver diamine fluoride varnish is applied by the dentist in the clinic — 38% Silver diamine fluoride (5-5.9% F-) — ______
Application Procedures: Chlorhexidine varnish is applied by the dentist in the clinic — ______
Application Procedures: Chlorhexidine varnish is applied by the dentist in the clinic — ______
References & further reading — Pitts, N., & Zero, D. (2016). White Paper on Dental Caries Prevention and Management: A summary of the current evidence and the key issues in controlling this preventable disease. FDI World Dental Press Ltd. — Ismail, A.I., Pitts, N.B. & Tellez, M. The International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS™) An Example of a Caries Management Pathway. BMC Oral Health 15, S9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-15- S1-S9 — Evans RW, Pakdaman A, Dennison PJ, Howe EL. The Caries Management System: an evidence-based preventive strategy for dental practitioners. Application for adults. Aust Dent J. 2008 Mar;53(1):83-92. doi: 10.1111/ j.1834-7819.2007.00004.x. — Pitts, N., & Zero, D. (2016). White Paper on Dental Caries Prevention and Management: A summary of the current evidence and the key issues in controlling this preventable disease. FDI World Dental Press Ltd. — Ismail, A.I., Pitts, N.B. & Tellez, M. The International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS™) An Example of a Caries Management Pathway. BMC Oral Health 15, S9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-15- S1-S9
References & further reading — Pitts, N., & Zero, D. (2016). White Paper on Dental Caries Prevention and Management: A summary of the current evidence and the key issues in controlling this preventable disease. FDI World Dental Press Ltd. — Ismail, A.I., Pitts, N.B. & Tellez, M. The International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS™) An Example of a Caries Management Pathway. BMC Oral Health 15, S9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-15- S1-S9 — Evans RW, Pakdaman A, Dennison PJ, Howe EL. The Caries Management System: an evidence-based preventive strategy for dental practitioners. Application for adults. Aust Dent J. 2008 Mar;53(1):83-92. doi: 10.1111/ j.1834-7819.2007.00004.x. — Pitts, N., & Zero, D. (2016). White Paper on Dental Caries Prevention and Management: A summary of the current evidence and the key issues in controlling this preventable disease. FDI World Dental Press Ltd. — Ismail, A.I., Pitts, N.B. & Tellez, M. The International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS™) An Example of a Caries Management Pathway. BMC Oral Health 15, S9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-15- S1-S9
______ — Evans RW, Pakdaman A, Dennison PJ, Howe EL. The Caries Management System: an evidence-based preventive strategy for dental practitioners. Application for adults. Aust Dent J. 2008 Mar;53(1):83-92. doi: 10.1111/ j.1834-7819.2007.00004.x. — Pitts, N., & Zero, D. (2016). White Paper on Dental Caries Prevention and Management: A summary of the current evidence and the key issues in controlling this preventable disease. FDI World Dental Press Ltd. — Ismail, A.I., Pitts, N.B. & Tellez, M. The International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS™) An Example of a Caries Management Pathway. BMC Oral Health 15, S9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-15- S1-S9
______ — Evans RW, Pakdaman A, Dennison PJ, Howe EL. The Caries Management System: an evidence-based preventive strategy for dental practitioners. Application for adults. Aust Dent J. 2008 Mar;53(1):83-92. doi: 10.1111/ j.1834-7819.2007.00004.x. — Pitts, N., & Zero, D. (2016). White Paper on Dental Caries Prevention and Management: A summary of the current evidence and the key issues in controlling this preventable disease. FDI World Dental Press Ltd. — Ismail, A.I., Pitts, N.B. & Tellez, M. The International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS™) An Example of a Caries Management Pathway. BMC Oral Health 15, S9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-15- S1-S9
