Midterm 3 practice

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Questions and Answers

How does a vocation differ from a job?

  • A job is some type of employment, but a vocation involves a strong calling to fulfill a career path. (correct)
  • Jobs involve getting paid, but vocations are usually voluntary activities.
  • A vocation is a short-term pursuit, whereas a job is usually retained for a longer period.
  • Vocations pay better than jobs do.

Which person is most likely to perceive herself as overqualified for a job?

  • Bridgette, who is high in agreeableness
  • Carla, who is high in extraversion
  • Anita, who is high in conscientiousness
  • Sara, who is high in narcissism (correct)

Which job is an individual who has followed a leadership career path (according to the Oregon Vocational Interest Scales) likely to have?

  • physicist working for the federal government
  • personal chef for an international banker
  • upper management of a corporation (correct)

The organization career type on the Oregon Vocational Interest Scales is correlated with which Big Five personality trait?

<p>conscientiousness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research has shown that job satisfaction and job performance are ______.

<p>positively correlated but more weakly than expected (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an occupation in which it is important to voice one's opinions, the _____ dimension of the Big Five would lead to better performance.

<p>extraversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term _____ behaviour is used to describe the behaviour of a worker who does positive things for an organization beyond a defined job description.

<p>organizational citizenship</p> Signup and view all the answers

High _____ and low _____ are personality traits that predict higher pay.

<p>conscientiousness; neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ is especially important for jobs that require face-to-face interactions with others, such as that of being a host in a restaurant.

<p>Agreeableness</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is attachment defined in attachment theory?

<p>the link between a child and her or his primary caregiver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gabe's mother, Ann, is a chronic alcoholic. Gabe is difficult to comfort when he is scared. He is clingy. He becomes upset when Ann leaves because he is afraid that she will not come back. These behaviours illustrate _____ attachment.

<p>anxious</p> Signup and view all the answers

Viktor is placed in the Strange Situation, causing him to be upset. When his mother returns, Viktor looks away from her and refuses to acknowledge her presence. What kind of attachment style is Viktor demonstrating?

<p>avoidant attachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dimensional approach to attachment measures how people score on _____ and _____.

<p>anxiety; avoidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the attachment dimension assessing a person's desire not to be connected emotionally to relationship partners.

<p>Avoidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of attachment is associated with high anxiety and low avoidance?

<p>preoccupied attachment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wally sees the world through his eyes only. When his frustrated girlfriend asks him to please try to see situations as she sees them, he responds with a blank stare and mumbles, "I don't know what you mean." Wally would appear to be low in _____.

<p>perspective-taking</p> Signup and view all the answers

People high in the components of the dark triad are more likely to engage in game-playing in their relationships, as well as _____, compared to people not displaying those traits.

<p>mate-poaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is the best predictor of attraction among dating partners?

<p>physical attractiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to a mentally healthy person, a person with borderline personality disorder typically displays _____.

<p>higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness, and lower agreeableness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the trait on the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 associated with extreme introversion.

<p>Detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which constellation of personality traits describes people who are more likely to suffer from depression?

<p>high neuroticism, low extraversion, and low conscientiousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality pattern is associated with bipolar disorder?

<p>high neuroticism, high extraversion, high openness to experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fundamentally, what is the source of many behavioural problems?

<p>low self-control, low conscientiousness, and impulsivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Casey is high in the personality trait that best predicts who will live the longest. Which trait is that?

<p>conscientiousness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is self-control best conceptualized?

<p>as a muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the Big Five personality traits is linked to social inhibition?

<p>low extraversion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the defining features of hostility?

<p>feelings of anger and frustration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a vocation?

A strong calling to fulfill a career path, differing from a job.

Who feels overqualified?

Someone high in narcissism might overestimate their abilities and qualifications, leading them to feel overqualified.

Leadership career path job

Upper management of a corporation typically involves leadership responsibilities and strategic decision-making.

Oregon Scales & Conscientiousness

The organization career type on the Oregon Vocational Interest Scales is correlated with conscientiousness.

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Job Satisfaction vs. Performance

Job satisfaction and job performance are positively correlated, but the correlation is weaker than expected.

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Extraversion at Work

In jobs requiring opinion-sharing, the Big Five dimension of extraversion often leads to better performance.

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Organizational citizenship

Actions that benefit a company beyond the defined job description.

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Pay-Predicting Traits

High conscientiousness and low neuroticism are personality traits that predict higher pay.

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Jobs needing Agreeableness

Agreeableness is especially important for jobs that require face-to-face interactions.

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Attachment definition

Attachment theory defines attachment as the link between a child and their primary caregiver.

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Anxious attachment behaviors

Anxious attachment is demonstrated when a child is difficult to comfort, clingy, and upset when the caregiver leaves.

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Avoidant attachment style

Avoidant attachment is when a child avoids or ignores the caregiver upon their return.

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Attachment Dimensions

The dimensional approach to attachment measures anxiety and avoidance.

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Attachment: Avoidance Defined

Avoidance is the attachment dimension assessing a person's desire not to be connected emotionally to relationship partners.

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High Anxiety, Low Avoidance

Preoccupied attachment is associated with high anxiety and low avoidance.

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Deficient perspective-taking

Lacking perspective-taking means difficulty seeing things from another's viewpoint

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Dark Triad: Mate poaching

Mate-poaching is engaging in game-playing in relationships compared to people not displaying dark triad traits.

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Predicting Attraction Success

Similarity is the best predictor of attraction among dating partners.

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Comparing traits Borderline

Compared to a mentally healthy person, someone with borderline personality disorder often shows higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness, and lower agreeableness.

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DSM-5 and Introversion

Detachment is the trait on the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 associated with extreme introversion.

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Study Notes

  • A job is a type of employment, but a vocation involves a strong calling to fulfill a career path.
  • People high in narcissism are likely to perceive themselves as overqualified for a job.
  • An individual who has followed a leadership career path is likely to have upper management of a corporation.
  • The organization career type on the Oregon Vocational Interest Scales correlates with conscientiousness.
  • Job satisfaction and job performance are positively correlated but more weakly than expected.
  • In an occupation where voicing opinions is important, extraversion leads to better performance.
  • Organizational citizenship behavior describes a worker doing positive things beyond their job description.
  • High conscientiousness and low neuroticism are personality traits that predict higher pay.
  • Agreeableness is important for jobs requiring face-to-face interactions, like being a host in a restaurant.
  • Attachment theory defines attachment as the link between a child and their primary caregiver.
  • Anxious attachment is illustrated by behaviors where an individual is difficult to comfort when scared and becomes upset when a caregiver leaves due to fear of abandonment.
  • Avoidant attachment is demonstrated when a child looks away from their mother and refuses to acknowledge her presence upon her return in the Strange Situation.
  • The dimensional approach to attachment measures how people score on anxiety and avoidance.
  • Avoidance is the attachment dimension measuring a person's desire not to be emotionally connected to relationship partners.
  • Preoccupied attachment is associated with high anxiety and low avoidance.
  • Wally, who cannot understand his girlfriend's perspective, appears to be low in perspective-taking.
  • Those high in the dark triad are more likely to engage in mate-poaching.
  • Physical attractiveness is the best predictor of attraction among dating partners.
  • A person with borderline personality disorder typically displays higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness, and lower agreeableness.
  • Detachment is the trait on the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 associated with extreme introversion.
  • High neuroticism, low extraversion and low conscientiousness describe people are more likely to suffer from depression.
  • High neuroticism, high extraversion and high openness to experience characterize the personality pattern associated with bipolar disorder.
  • Many behavioral problems stem from low self-control, low conscientiousness, and impulsivity.
  • Conscientiousness is the personality trait that best predicts who will live the longest.
  • Self-control is best conceptualized as a muscle.
  • Low extraversion is linked to social inhibition.
  • The defining features of hostility are feelings of anger and frustration.

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