Care of Clients with Oxygenation Issues

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Questions and Answers

What defines hypertension in terms of blood pressure measurements?

Systolic greater than 150 mm Hg and diastolic greater than 95 mm Hg

Systolic less than 140 mm Hg and diastolic less than 90 mm Hg

Systolic greater than 140 mm Hg and diastolic greater than 90 mm Hg (correct)

Both systolic and diastolic pressures above 130/85 mm Hg

Which of the following is a characteristic of primary hypertension?

It is caused by identifiable factors

Its cause is usually unknown (correct)

It results from unhealthy lifestyle choices

It is always curable with medication

What should be assessed if a young patient presents with high blood pressure?

Lifestyle and physical activities (correct)

Family history of hypertension only

Dietary sodium intake exclusively

Previous medication for hypertension

What is a common risk factor for hypertension?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

Which category of hypertension occurs due to an identifiable cause?

Secondary hypertension Signup and view all the answers

How should blood pressure be validated before diagnosing hypertension?

Taken twice to get the average Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of treating hypertension?

It prevents complications associated with high blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What defines a hypertensive crisis?

Sudden and severe increase in blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse ask a patient after obtaining a high blood pressure reading?

If they performed any activity that exerts effort Signup and view all the answers

What action is recommended for a patient with high blood pressure after an initial reading?

Ask the patient to rest for approximately 5 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of high blood pressure?

Renal failure Signup and view all the answers

Which classification indicates a patient is at risk of developing hypertension but is not yet hypertensive?

Pre-Hypertensive Signup and view all the answers

What role does a nurse play when dealing with patients at risk of hypertension?

Perform interventions through health education Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypertension?

Regular physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What is affected by elevated blood pressure that can harm organ function?

Perfusion of the organs Signup and view all the answers

What condition is a possible cause of elevated blood pressure related to adrenal glands?

Hyperaldosteronism Signup and view all the answers

What does systolic blood pressure indicate?

Pressure during heart contraction Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if blood pressure is consistently high?

Retinal hemorrhages Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase describes diastolic blood pressure?

Pressure while the heart is at rest Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change occurs in the heart due to increased workload from high blood pressure?

Hypertrophy of the left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of impaired vision related to high blood pressure?

Damage to retinal arteries Signup and view all the answers

Why does the heart require hypertrophy when subjected to increased workload?

To enhance muscle strength for performance Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pressure during heart contraction?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What does hypertrophy of the left ventricle indicate?

Increased workload on the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of cardiac output?

The product of heart rate and stroke volume. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to increased blood pressure?

Increased heart relaxation time Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a 'friendly' or 'good' lipoprotein?

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) Signup and view all the answers

What does increased peripheral resistance lead to?

Higher blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major risk factor for hypertension?

Dyslipidemia Signup and view all the answers

What role does stroke volume play in blood pressure?

It contributes to cardiac output and, thus, blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)?

Increased risk of developing atherosclerotic plaques Signup and view all the answers

How does smoking affect blood pressure?

It increases peripheral resistance. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypertension Overview

Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg and diastolic pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, confirmed by averaging multiple readings.
Normal blood pressure varies, with no universally accepted "normal." Blood pressure must be assessed accurately to determine hypertension.

Types of Hypertension

Primary (Essential) Hypertension: High blood pressure with no identifiable cause, typically develops over time.
Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure arising from identifiable conditions, such as renal disease, hormonal disorders, or medication side effects.

Blood Pressure Categories

Pre-Hypertensive: Elevated blood pressure not meeting hypertension criteria but may progress if lifestyle changes are not made.
Hypertensive: Requires more intense management and intervention due to established disease.

Risk Factors for Hypertension

Age increases the risk of developing high blood pressure, especially with lifestyle influences and genetic predispositions.
Major risk factors include:
- Smoking
- Dyslipidemia (elevated LDL and/or low HDL cholesterol)
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- High sodium intake

Complications of Hypertension

Prolonged high blood pressure can lead to serious health issues such as:
- Heart failure
- Stroke
- Renal failure
- Retinal damage (retinal hemorrhages)

Nursing Process Framework

Implement nursing interventions focusing on health education to promote lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, exercise, and smoking cessation.
Monitor blood pressure regularly and assess for hypertensive crises which may require emergency treatment and management.

Pathophysiology of Hypertension

Blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output (heart rate × stroke volume) and peripheral resistance.
Increased cardiac output or increased peripheral resistance can elevate blood pressure.

Blood Pressure Measurement

Systolic pressure: Indicates pressure during heart contraction.
Diastolic pressure: Represents pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.

Importance of Lifestyle Modifications

Health interventions can delay or prevent the onset of hypertension.
Modifications in behavior and diet can significantly reduce blood pressure levels and improve overall cardiovascular health.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the care of clients experiencing problems related to oxygenation, fluid and electrolytes, and other critical health issues. It will cover concepts from hypertension to infectious and inflammatory responses. Test your knowledge and understanding of these important topics in client care.