Cardiovascular System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

  • To digest food
  • To produce hormones
  • To transport oxygen and nutrients (correct)
  • To enable muscle movement
  • The cardiovascular system protects us by transporting red blood cells.

    False

    Name a waste product that is transported by the cardiovascular system.

    carbon dioxide

    The cardiovascular system plays a crucial role in the transport of __________ to various parts of the body.

    <p>nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following functions with their descriptions:

    <p>Transport = Carrying oxygen and nutrients throughout the body Protection = Defending against pathogens and foreign substances Regulation = Maintaining body temperature and pH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>Exchange substances with tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The wall of capillaries is thick and made of several layers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural characteristic of capillaries that enables them to perform their function effectively?

    <p>thin wall made of one layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Capillaries are responsible for the exchange of substances between blood and __________.

    <p>tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of the circulatory system with their functions:

    <p>Capillaries = Exchange substances with tissues Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Veins = Return blood to the heart Heart = Pump blood throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason blood flows back to the heart despite low blood pressure in the veins?

    <p>Muscle contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood pressure in the veins is higher than in the arteries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological mechanism aids in the return of blood to the heart from the legs?

    <p>Muscle pump action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The low blood pressure in the veins is compensated by the action of __________.

    <p>valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Veins = Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart Arteries = Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Capillaries = Smallest blood vessels where exchange occurs Vein valves = Prevent backflow of blood in veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following helps blood flow in the veins?

    <p>Breathing pressure changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incompetence of the valves in leg veins can lead to weak, large, and twisted veins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is caused by incompetent leg vein valves?

    <p>Varicose veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the electrical current produced by the atria?

    <p>P wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The QRS complex is associated with the contraction of the atria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breathing causes pressure changes in the ______ and abdominal cavities.

    <p>thoracic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which node stimulates the atria to produce the P wave?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ complex indicates that the ventricles are about to contract.

    <p>QRS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following electrical currents with their descriptions:

    <p>P wave = Electrical current from the atria QRS complex = Wave indicating contraction of the ventricles T wave = Repolarization of the ventricles SA node = Pacemaker of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms is associated with a sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heart valve diseases refer to conditions affecting the valves that regulate blood flow in the heart.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for a heart attack?

    <p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood.

    <p>heart attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiovascular System Overview

    • The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels
    • The heart pumps blood, and the vessels carry blood throughout the body
    • Blood is contained within the blood vessels

    Functions of the Cardiovascular System

    • Transport: Carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste products, nutrients, and hormones
    • Protection: Transporation of immune system cells (white blood cells) to fight infection
    • Regulation: Maintains homeostasis - body temperature, pH balance, water, and electrolyte levels

    Types of Blood Vessels

    • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart
    • Veins: Carry blood towards the heart
    • Capillaries: Small vessels where substances are exchanged between blood and tissues

    Arterial System

    • Structure: Three layers (inner endothelium, middle smooth muscle with elastic fibers, outer connective tissue)
    • Function: Carry blood away from the heart. Larger arteries close to the heart have thicker layers of smooth muscle to withstand higher blood pressure

    Arterioles and Capillaries

    • Arterioles: Blood pressure decreases considerably in arterioles
    • Arterioles and pre-capillary sphincters: Control blood pressure by regulating blood flow into capillaries.
    • Capillaries: Sites for exchange of water, nutrients, wastes, and immune cells between blood and tissues

    Capillary System

    • Structure: Extremely thin walls made of a single layer of cells
    • Function: Exchange of substances between blood and tissues

    Venous System

    • Structure: Three layers (thinner than arteries but larger diameter than arteries)
    • Function: Return blood to the heart, acting as a blood reservoir

    Blood Pressure

    • The force exerted by blood against vessel walls
    • Not the same in all blood vessels (higher in arteries, lower in veins).
    • Systolic pressure: Blood Pressure during heart contraction
    • Diastolic pressure: Blood Pressure during heart relaxation

    How Blood Pressure is Measured

    • Using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.
    • In modern times, use a digital monitor.

    Heart

    • A powerful pump that moves blood throughout the vascular system
    • Can withstand continuous work for 100 years
    • Supplies every region of the body with appropriate blood quantities

    Heart Structure

    • Layers: Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
    • Chambers: Two atria and two ventricles (separated by septum)
    • Valves: Four valves (2 atrioventricular, 2 semilunar) ensure one-way blood flow.

    Heart Valves

    • Atrioventricular (AV) Valves: (Right and Left AV valves)

    • Regulate blood flow between atria and ventricles

    • Prevent backflow into atria after contraction.

    • Semilunar Valves: (Pulmonary and Aortic Valves)

    • Regulate blood flow from ventricles into arteries

    • Prevent backflow into ventricles after contraction.

    Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits

    • Pulmonary Circuit: Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation, then returns oxygenated blood to the heart.
    • Systemic Circuit: Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues, and then returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.

    Cardiac Cycle

    • The sequence of events in the heart, including contraction and relaxation phases, involving electrical activity.

    Cardiac Conduction System

    • Composed of the SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers which coordinate the heart's contractions.
      • The SA node (sinoatrial node) is the heart's natural pacemaker that establishes the heartbeat's rhythm.

    Electrocardiogram (ECG)

    • Records the electrical activity of the heart

    • Records different waves (P, QRS, T) that reflect the different parts of the cardiac cycle.

      • P wave: Atrial Depolarization
      • QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization
      • T wave: Ventricular repolarization

    Blood Pressure Regulation

    • Nervous control: Medulla oblongata (in the brain), sympathetic and parasympathetic signals regulate heart rate and blood vessel diameter.
    • Hormonal control: Adrenaline and noradrenaline affect heart rate and blood vessel constriction.

    Cardiovascular Diseases

    • Hypertension: High blood pressure (A silent killer)
    • Atherosclerosis: Buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in arteries (leading to stroke and heart attack)
    • Stroke: Blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.
    • Heart attack: Blockage of a blood vessel supplying the heart muscle
    • Heart valve diseases: Problems with the heart valves preventing proper blood flow.

    Reducing Cardiovascular Risk

    • Lifestyle: Avoid smoking, maintain a healthy weight, follow a heart-healthy diet, and exercise regularly
    • Management: Control high blood pressure, blood lipids, and diabetes

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    Description

    This quiz explores the essential functions and structures of the cardiovascular system. Test your knowledge on the roles of blood, capillaries, and the overall circulatory process. Understand how these components contribute to the body's functionality and health.

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