Cardiovascular System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

  • To digest food
  • To produce hormones
  • To transport oxygen and nutrients (correct)
  • To enable muscle movement

The cardiovascular system protects us by transporting red blood cells.

False (B)

Name a waste product that is transported by the cardiovascular system.

carbon dioxide

The cardiovascular system plays a crucial role in the transport of __________ to various parts of the body.

<p>nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following functions with their descriptions:

<p>Transport = Carrying oxygen and nutrients throughout the body Protection = Defending against pathogens and foreign substances Regulation = Maintaining body temperature and pH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

<p>Exchange substances with tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The wall of capillaries is thick and made of several layers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural characteristic of capillaries that enables them to perform their function effectively?

<p>thin wall made of one layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capillaries are responsible for the exchange of substances between blood and __________.

<p>tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of the circulatory system with their functions:

<p>Capillaries = Exchange substances with tissues Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Veins = Return blood to the heart Heart = Pump blood throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason blood flows back to the heart despite low blood pressure in the veins?

<p>Muscle contractions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood pressure in the veins is higher than in the arteries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological mechanism aids in the return of blood to the heart from the legs?

<p>Muscle pump action</p> Signup and view all the answers

The low blood pressure in the veins is compensated by the action of __________.

<p>valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Veins = Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart Arteries = Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Capillaries = Smallest blood vessels where exchange occurs Vein valves = Prevent backflow of blood in veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following helps blood flow in the veins?

<p>Breathing pressure changes (A), Contraction of skeletal muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incompetence of the valves in leg veins can lead to weak, large, and twisted veins.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is caused by incompetent leg vein valves?

<p>Varicose veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the electrical current produced by the atria?

<p>P wave (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The QRS complex is associated with the contraction of the atria.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Breathing causes pressure changes in the ______ and abdominal cavities.

<p>thoracic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which node stimulates the atria to produce the P wave?

<p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ complex indicates that the ventricles are about to contract.

<p>QRS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following electrical currents with their descriptions:

<p>P wave = Electrical current from the atria QRS complex = Wave indicating contraction of the ventricles T wave = Repolarization of the ventricles SA node = Pacemaker of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is associated with a sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain?

<p>Stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heart valve diseases refer to conditions affecting the valves that regulate blood flow in the heart.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for a heart attack?

<p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood.

<p>heart attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the Transport Function of the Cardiovascular System?

The cardiovascular system delivers essential substances like oxygen and nutrients to all cells and removes waste products like carbon dioxide.

What is the Protection Function of the Cardiovascular System?

The cardiovascular system helps fight infections by transporting immune cells throughout the body.

How does the Cardiovascular System transport oxygen?

Oxygen is carried by red blood cells from the lungs to the rest of the body.

How does the Cardiovascular System transport carbon dioxide?

Carbon dioxide, a waste product, is transported by the blood from the body's cells to the lungs, where it is exhaled.

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How does the Cardiovascular System transport nutrients?

The cardiovascular system transports nutrients, like glucose, from the digestive system to the body's cells.

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What is the P wave?

An electrical current produced by the atria when stimulated by the SA node.

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What does the QRS complex represent?

A wave of electrical current passing through the ventricles that signals their contraction.

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How does blood return to the heart in veins?

Blood pressure in veins is lower than in arteries, but it's still sufficient for blood to return to the heart. This is because of muscular contractions in the legs and a system of one-way valves.

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What are veins?

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

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What are arteries?

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

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Capillaries

Tiny blood vessels where exchange of substances between blood and body tissues occurs.

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Capillary Wall Structure

The wall of a capillary is composed of a single layer of cells, making it very thin.

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Capillary Wall Function

This thin structure allows for efficient exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

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Capillary Exchange

The process of substances moving from the blood into the tissues.

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Capillary Role in Circulation

Capillaries are responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other waste products from them.

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Skeletal Muscle Contraction and Blood Flow

Contraction of skeletal muscles helps move blood back to the heart by squeezing the veins.

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One-Way Valves in Veins

One-way valves prevent blood from flowing backward in veins, ensuring it travels towards the heart.

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Breathing and Blood Flow

Breathing creates pressure changes in the chest and abdomen, which help push blood back to the heart.

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Valve Incompetence and Varicose Veins

Weak and damaged valves in veins can lead to blood pooling, causing veins to become enlarged and twisted, resulting in varicose and spider veins.

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What is a stroke?

A stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery in the brain, depriving brain tissue of oxygen.

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What is a heart attack?

A heart attack happens when a coronary artery, supplying blood to the heart, becomes blocked, causing heart muscle damage.

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What are heart valve diseases?

Heart valve diseases affect the heart's valves, which control blood flow through chambers. These diseases can cause problems like heart murmurs or difficulty pumping blood.

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What is another term for a heart attack?

A heart attack is sometimes called a myocardial infarction.

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What is another term for a stroke?

A stroke is sometimes called a cerebrovascular accident, or CVA.

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Study Notes

Cardiovascular System Overview

  • The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels
  • The heart pumps blood, and the vessels carry blood throughout the body
  • Blood is contained within the blood vessels

Functions of the Cardiovascular System

  • Transport: Carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste products, nutrients, and hormones
  • Protection: Transporation of immune system cells (white blood cells) to fight infection
  • Regulation: Maintains homeostasis - body temperature, pH balance, water, and electrolyte levels

Types of Blood Vessels

  • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart
  • Veins: Carry blood towards the heart
  • Capillaries: Small vessels where substances are exchanged between blood and tissues

Arterial System

  • Structure: Three layers (inner endothelium, middle smooth muscle with elastic fibers, outer connective tissue)
  • Function: Carry blood away from the heart. Larger arteries close to the heart have thicker layers of smooth muscle to withstand higher blood pressure

Arterioles and Capillaries

  • Arterioles: Blood pressure decreases considerably in arterioles
  • Arterioles and pre-capillary sphincters: Control blood pressure by regulating blood flow into capillaries.
  • Capillaries: Sites for exchange of water, nutrients, wastes, and immune cells between blood and tissues

Capillary System

  • Structure: Extremely thin walls made of a single layer of cells
  • Function: Exchange of substances between blood and tissues

Venous System

  • Structure: Three layers (thinner than arteries but larger diameter than arteries)
  • Function: Return blood to the heart, acting as a blood reservoir

Blood Pressure

  • The force exerted by blood against vessel walls
  • Not the same in all blood vessels (higher in arteries, lower in veins).
  • Systolic pressure: Blood Pressure during heart contraction
  • Diastolic pressure: Blood Pressure during heart relaxation

How Blood Pressure is Measured

  • Using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.
  • In modern times, use a digital monitor.

Heart

  • A powerful pump that moves blood throughout the vascular system
  • Can withstand continuous work for 100 years
  • Supplies every region of the body with appropriate blood quantities

Heart Structure

  • Layers: Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
  • Chambers: Two atria and two ventricles (separated by septum)
  • Valves: Four valves (2 atrioventricular, 2 semilunar) ensure one-way blood flow.

Heart Valves

  • Atrioventricular (AV) Valves: (Right and Left AV valves)

  • Regulate blood flow between atria and ventricles

  • Prevent backflow into atria after contraction.

  • Semilunar Valves: (Pulmonary and Aortic Valves)

  • Regulate blood flow from ventricles into arteries

  • Prevent backflow into ventricles after contraction.

Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits

  • Pulmonary Circuit: Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation, then returns oxygenated blood to the heart.
  • Systemic Circuit: Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues, and then returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Cardiac Cycle

  • The sequence of events in the heart, including contraction and relaxation phases, involving electrical activity.

Cardiac Conduction System

  • Composed of the SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers which coordinate the heart's contractions.
    • The SA node (sinoatrial node) is the heart's natural pacemaker that establishes the heartbeat's rhythm.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

  • Records the electrical activity of the heart

  • Records different waves (P, QRS, T) that reflect the different parts of the cardiac cycle.

    • P wave: Atrial Depolarization
    • QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization
    • T wave: Ventricular repolarization

Blood Pressure Regulation

  • Nervous control: Medulla oblongata (in the brain), sympathetic and parasympathetic signals regulate heart rate and blood vessel diameter.
  • Hormonal control: Adrenaline and noradrenaline affect heart rate and blood vessel constriction.

Cardiovascular Diseases

  • Hypertension: High blood pressure (A silent killer)
  • Atherosclerosis: Buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in arteries (leading to stroke and heart attack)
  • Stroke: Blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.
  • Heart attack: Blockage of a blood vessel supplying the heart muscle
  • Heart valve diseases: Problems with the heart valves preventing proper blood flow.

Reducing Cardiovascular Risk

  • Lifestyle: Avoid smoking, maintain a healthy weight, follow a heart-healthy diet, and exercise regularly
  • Management: Control high blood pressure, blood lipids, and diabetes

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Description

This quiz explores the essential functions and structures of the cardiovascular system. Test your knowledge on the roles of blood, capillaries, and the overall circulatory process. Understand how these components contribute to the body's functionality and health.

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