Podcast
Questions and Answers
What hormone is secreted by the atrial muscle fibers when they are excessively stretched?
What hormone is secreted by the atrial muscle fibers when they are excessively stretched?
- Aldosterone
- Cortisol
- Adrenaline
- Atrial natriuretic hormone (correct)
The A.V. node is located in the wall of the left atrium.
The A.V. node is located in the wall of the left atrium.
False (B)
What are Purkinje muscle fibers responsible for?
What are Purkinje muscle fibers responsible for?
Impulse conduction
The _____ node initiates electrical impulses in the heart.
The _____ node initiates electrical impulses in the heart.
Match the following components of the heart's conducting system with their functions:
Match the following components of the heart's conducting system with their functions:
What is a characteristic of Purkinje muscle fibers?
What is a characteristic of Purkinje muscle fibers?
The conducting system of the heart is made up of contractile cells.
The conducting system of the heart is made up of contractile cells.
What feature allows Purkinje fibers to conduct impulses faster than contractile cardiomyocytes?
What feature allows Purkinje fibers to conduct impulses faster than contractile cardiomyocytes?
Purkinje fibers conduct impulses about _____ times faster than typical cardiac fibers.
Purkinje fibers conduct impulses about _____ times faster than typical cardiac fibers.
What primarily characterizes the structure of the S.A. and A.V. nodes?
What primarily characterizes the structure of the S.A. and A.V. nodes?
Study Notes
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)
- Atrial muscle fibers contain granules that release Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) when stretched.
- ANH helps lower blood pressure.
Conducting System of the Heart
- Composed of muscle fibers that transmit electrical impulses, not contract.
- Includes:
- Sinoatrial node (SA node)
- Atrioventricular node (AV node)
- Atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle)
- Purkinje muscle fibers
SA Node
- Located in the right atrial wall.
- Initiates electrical impulses for heart contraction.
AV Node
- Located in the floor of the right atrium.
- Transmits electrical impulses from the SA node to the ventricles.
Purkinje Muscle Fibers
- Found in the ventricular wall, including the moderator band.
- Responsible for rapid impulse conduction, allowing for coordinated ventricular contraction.
- Larger and paler than typical cardiac muscle fibers due to high glycogen content and fewer myofibrils.
- Have eccentric nuclei and contain many gap junctions for efficient impulse transmission.
Summary of Cell Characteristics
- SA node, AV node, and Bundle of His: Smaller than contractile atrial myocytes, fewer myofibrils, lack typical intercalated discs.
- Purkinje Fibers: Larger, grouped together, often binucleated, fewer myofibrils, lack typical intercalated discs, higher glycogen and mitochondria content, numerous gap junctions.
- Purkinje fibers conduct electrical impulses 4-5 times faster than contractile cardiomyocytes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the cardiovascular system with a focus on Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) and the conducting system of the heart. This quiz covers key components such as the SA node, AV node, and Purkinje fibers, exploring their functions and importance in heart physiology.
