Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiovascular system?
Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as:
Which of the following injuries has the HIGHEST treatment priority?
Which of the following sets of vital signs is LEAST indicative of internal bleeding?
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When caring for a patient with internal bleeding, the EMT must first:
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The quickest and MOST effective way to control external bleeding from an extremity is:
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When applying a tourniquet to an amputated arm, the EMT should:
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Which of the following is the MOST likely contributing factor to a severe nosebleed in a 70-year-old man with a BP of 180/100?
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When caring for a patient with severe epistaxis, the MOST effective way to prevent aspiration of blood is to:
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Controlling internal bleeding requires:
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular System
- The cardiovascular system comprises the heart, blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins), and blood (plasma, blood cells).
- The lungs belong to the respiratory system and are not part of the cardiovascular system.
Perfusion
- Defined as the circulation of blood within an organ and tissues with adequate oxygen and nutrients.
- Proper perfusion is essential for cellular metabolism; carbon dioxide, a by-product, should not accumulate at the cellular level.
Prioritizing Injuries
- When assessing injuries, arterial bleeding is the highest priority due to its potential for rapid blood loss.
- Bright red, spurting blood indicates arterial injury, while dark red, flowing blood signifies venous bleeding and is a lower priority.
Vital Signs and Internal Bleeding
- Vital signs indicative of shock: hypotension, tachycardia, and tachypnea.
- A blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg with a low pulse (bradycardia) is less indicative of internal bleeding, potentially aligning more with a closed head injury.
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Protocols
- The first step in patient care, especially for those with bleeding, is taking appropriate standard precautions.
- Direct pressure is the most effective immediate method for controlling external bleeding from extremities.
Tourniquet Application
- A tourniquet should never be placed over a joint; use the widest bandage possible for effective results.
- It must remain open and visible, not covered by a bandage.
Nosebleeds (Epistaxis)
- Common causes include high blood pressure, facial injuries, or trauma to the nasal area.
- In cases of severe nosebleed, the most critical factor contributing to the condition often is high blood pressure.
Prevention of Blood Aspiration
- In patients with severe epistaxis, tilting the head forward while leaning forward reduces the risk of swallowing or aspirating blood.
Internal Bleeding Management
- Management typically requires surgical intervention in a hospital setting.
- EMT protocols include administering high-flow oxygen, monitoring vital signs, and maintaining the patient’s temperature.
These bullet points provide key facts from the chapter, focusing on important concepts related to injuries, vital signs, and emergency protocols relevant to managing bleeding situations.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system with this quiz based on Chapter 25. This quiz will challenge your understanding of the components, including the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Identify which options are not part of this vital system.
