Cardiovascular System Quiz
28 Questions
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Cardiovascular System Quiz

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@CureAllPlateau

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Questions and Answers

Which vessel is more compliant according to the text?

  • Capacitance vessels
  • Arteries
  • Venules
  • Veins (correct)

    • What happens to blood volume in the venous circulation if compliance increases?

  • Cannot be determined
  • Increases (correct)
  • Remains unchanged
  • Decreases

    • What is the relationship between resistance and flow according to the text?

  • No relationship
  • Varies unpredictably
  • Inversely proportional (correct)
  • Directly proportional

    • How does viscosity affect resistance according to Poiseuille’s law?

    <p>Increasing viscosity increases resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can help increase stroke volume by increasing preload on the heart?

    <p>Skeletal muscle movement and venous valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood to the brain when there is no venous return from the legs?

    <p>They all decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of afterload?

    <p>Resistance of the arterial system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can increase cardiac workload without increasing cardiac output?

    <p>Increased afterload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines heart rate?

    <p>Balance between SNS and PNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can increase vascular tension and subsequently increase blood pressure?

    <p>Increased activity in vasomotor center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do baroreceptors do when stretched due to high pressure?

    <p>Inhibit the cardiovascular control center in the medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of baroreceptor stimulation?

    <p>Lowers blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chronic hypertension on baroreceptors?

    <p>They can adapt and be reset to a higher level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor in the regulation of blood pressure?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the SNS primarily release at the smooth muscle of most arteries?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased afterload on stroke volume?

    <p>Decreases stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of flow per minute (Q) in the given equation Q=P1-P2 R?

    <p>Resistance (R)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does doubling the radius of a vessel affect resistance?

    <p>Resistance decreases 16 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the vascular system primarily alters blood flow through vasodilation and vasoconstriction?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of stroke volume (SV)?

    <p>Preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculated?

    <p>[systolic BP + (2 x Diastolic BP)] / 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between blood velocity and the cross-sectional area of vessels?

    <p>Blood velocity is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the force generated by muscle fibers in the heart?

    <p>Initial sarcomere length and stretch on the individual fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences blood pressure by determining cardiac output (CO)?

    <p>Heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can overstretching the heart lead to?

    <p>Limitation of effective contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of flow in vessels moves smoothly in the center and can cause thrombus formation at vessel walls?

    <p>Laminar flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels are the primary sites of regulation of vascular flow?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of blood pressure and blood flow regulation?

    <p>Vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiac Output, Blood Pressure, and Blood Flow Regulation

    • Resistance (r4) is the primary determinant of Q=P1-P2 R, where Q is flow per min, P is pressure, and R is resistance
    • Resistance is inversely proportional to radius4; doubling the radius decreases resistance 16 times, increasing blood flow
    • Vascular system primarily uses resistance to alter blood flow, through vasodilation and vasoconstriction of arterioles
    • Arterioles are the primary sites of regulation of vascular flow, and drugs affecting arterioles have direct effects on BP and blood flow
    • Blood velocity is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of vessels
    • Laminar flow in the center of vessels moves smoothly, while turbulent flow at vessel walls can cause thrombus formation
    • Arterial pressure pulses include systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
    • MAP is calculated as [systolic BP + (2 x Diastolic BP)] / 3, an estimation of average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
    • Blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output (CO) and vascular resistance, determined by heart rate, stroke volume, and resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricles
    • Stroke volume (SV) is determined by preload, which is proportional to venous return, and the Frank-Starling law
    • The force generated by muscle fibers is proportional to the initial sarcomere length and the stretch on the individual fibers, allowing the heart to adjust its SV based on venous return
    • Overstretching the heart can limit its effective contractions, but this is rare and occurs only in chronic disease

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cardiac output, blood pressure, and blood flow regulation with this quiz. Explore concepts such as resistance, arteriole regulation, blood velocity, arterial pressure pulses, and the factors influencing stroke volume and blood pressure.

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