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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of blood?
Which of the following is NOT a component of blood?
What is the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
What is the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
What is the function of the valves found in veins?
What is the function of the valves found in veins?
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Which of the following BEST describes the function of capillaries?
Which of the following BEST describes the function of capillaries?
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What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
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Which of the following carries oxygenated blood?
Which of the following carries oxygenated blood?
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What is the name of the muscle tissue that makes up the heart walls?
What is the name of the muscle tissue that makes up the heart walls?
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Which of the following describes the phase of the cardiac cycle where the ventricles contract?
Which of the following describes the phase of the cardiac cycle where the ventricles contract?
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What is the normal range for a healthy heart rate?
What is the normal range for a healthy heart rate?
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What is the name of the condition where the heart rate is less than 60 bpm?
What is the name of the condition where the heart rate is less than 60 bpm?
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What is the function of blood?
What is the function of blood?
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What is the name of the valve that prevents blood from flowing back from the left ventricle into the left atrium?
What is the name of the valve that prevents blood from flowing back from the left ventricle into the left atrium?
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Flashcards
Double circulation
Double circulation
The two circulatory loops: pulmonary and systemic.
Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary circulation
Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Systemic circulation
Systemic circulation
Distributes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.
Cardiac cycle
Cardiac cycle
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Atrial systole
Atrial systole
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Ventricular systole
Ventricular systole
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Bradycardia
Bradycardia
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Normal heart rate
Normal heart rate
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Plasma
Plasma
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Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes
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Leukocytes
Leukocytes
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Arteries
Arteries
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Capillaries
Capillaries
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Study Notes
Double Circulation
- Two circuits: pulmonary (minor) and systemic (major)
- Pulmonary (minor): Blood low in oxygen (rich in CO₂) is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Exchange of gases (CO₂ for O₂) occurs in the alveoli. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via pulmonary veins.
- Systemic (major): Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle via the aorta, distributing oxygen and nutrients to body tissues via capillaries. Deoxygenated blood, now carrying CO₂ and waste, returns to the right atrium via the venae cavae.
The Heart and Cardiac Cycle
- Heart Structure: The heart has four chambers (two atria, two ventricles). Myocardium (heart muscle) makes up the walls. A septum separates the left and right sides. Blood enters the right atrium via the venae cavae (CO₂-rich).
- Cardiac Cycle: The heart contracts (systole) and relaxes (diastole) rhythmically.
- Phases:
- Atrial systole: Atria contract, pushing blood into ventricles.
- Ventricular systole: Ventricles contract, pushing blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta.
- Atrial and ventricular diastole: Atria and ventricles relax, allowing blood to fill.
- Heart Rate: Normal range: 60-100 bpm. Measured by taking pulse at radial artery. Bradycardia (<60 bpm) and Tachycardia (>100 bpm) are abnormal heart rates.
- Valve Function: Problems with valve function can cause heart murmurs or arrhythmias.
Blood and Blood Vessels
- Blood Composition: Viscous red fluid, consisting of:
- Plasma (55%): Mostly water, salts, proteins, and waste.
- Red blood cells (45%): Carry oxygen (via hemoglobin).
- White blood cells (1%): Fight infection.
- Platelets (1%): Important in blood clotting.
- Blood Vessels:
- Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart; thick walls withstand pressure.
- Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart; thin walls; contain valves to prevent backflow.
- Capillaries: Microscopic vessels for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and cells; extremely thin walls.
Location and Function of Heart
- Located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs.
- Pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation and to the body for delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells.
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Description
This quiz explores the double circulation system of the heart, focusing on the pulmonary and systemic circuits. It covers heart structure, the cardiac cycle phases, and the role of the atria and ventricles in blood circulation. Test your knowledge of how oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow through the heart.
