Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which chamber of the heart receives unoxygenated blood from the body?
Which chamber of the heart receives unoxygenated blood from the body?
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
- Right atrium (correct)
- Right ventricle
What is the function of the left ventricle?
What is the function of the left ventricle?
- Contains the tricuspid valve
- Pumps unoxygenated blood to the lungs
- Receives blood from the lungs
- Pumps oxygenated blood to the body (correct)
What valves are present between the atria and the ventricles?
What valves are present between the atria and the ventricles?
- Mitral and aortic valves
- Tricuspid and mitral valves (correct)
- Pulmonary and tricuspid valves
- Aortic and pulmonary valves
Which vessels supply the heart with blood?
Which vessels supply the heart with blood?
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
What is the standard reference position of the body called?
What is the standard reference position of the body called?
Which of the following describes the term 'superficial'?
Which of the following describes the term 'superficial'?
Which body system is responsible for the transport of blood throughout the body?
Which body system is responsible for the transport of blood throughout the body?
In the anatomical position, how are the palms of the hands oriented?
In the anatomical position, how are the palms of the hands oriented?
Which of the following structures is considered part of the axial skeleton?
Which of the following structures is considered part of the axial skeleton?
What type of tissue forms the protective outer layer of the body?
What type of tissue forms the protective outer layer of the body?
Which anatomical term refers to a position that is closer to the midline of the body?
Which anatomical term refers to a position that is closer to the midline of the body?
What anatomical plane divides the body into upper and lower parts?
What anatomical plane divides the body into upper and lower parts?
Which bone is not part of the upper limb?
Which bone is not part of the upper limb?
What is the function of the superior vena cava?
What is the function of the superior vena cava?
Which description accurately characterizes arteries?
Which description accurately characterizes arteries?
Which of the following statements is true about veins?
Which of the following statements is true about veins?
What is the purpose of capillaries in the circulatory system?
What is the purpose of capillaries in the circulatory system?
Which part of the heart distributes oxygenated blood to the body?
Which part of the heart distributes oxygenated blood to the body?
How many phalanges are found in the lower limb?
How many phalanges are found in the lower limb?
Which structure arises from the right ventricle?
Which structure arises from the right ventricle?
Flashcards
Anatomy Definition
Anatomy Definition
The study of the human body's structure and how its parts relate.
Anatomical Position
Anatomical Position
Standard body position for descriptions: standing erect, feet together, palms forward, face forward, etc.
Anterior
Anterior
Toward the front of the body.
Posterior
Posterior
Toward the back of the body.
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Superior
Superior
Above or towards the head.
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Inferior
Inferior
Below or towards the feet.
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Median Plane
Median Plane
Divides the body into equal right and left halves.
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Axial Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
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Heart Chambers
Heart Chambers
The heart has four chambers: the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
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Tricuspid Valve
Tricuspid Valve
The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle, controlling blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle.
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Mitral Valve
Mitral Valve
The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle, regulating blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle.
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Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Trunk
The large artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
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Aorta
Aorta
The largest artery in the body, carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
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Clavicle
Clavicle
A long, S-shaped bone that connects the shoulder blade to the breastbone, forming part of the shoulder girdle.
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Humerus
Humerus
The long bone of the upper arm, connecting to the shoulder at one end and the elbow at the other.
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Ulna
Ulna
The longer bone on the little finger side of the forearm.
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Radius
Radius
The shorter bone on the thumb side of the forearm.
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Femur
Femur
The longest bone in the human body, making up the thigh part of the leg.
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Tibia
Tibia
The larger shin bone that runs parallel to the fibula, supporting body weight.
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Fibula
Fibula
The smaller bone in the lower leg that runs parallel to the tibia.
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Cardiovascular System
- The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products.
- It involves the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood.
- Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.
Heart
- Located in the chest, positioned slightly left of center.
- Approximately the size of a closed fist.
- Enclosed in a protective sac called the pericardium.
- Consists of four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
- Valves regulate blood flow between chambers (tricuspid, mitral/bicuspid, pulmonary, aortic).
- Receives blood supply from coronary arteries.
Vessels of the Trunk
-
Arteries:
- Aorta: arises from the left ventricle, distributing blood to different body parts. It branches into ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending thoracic aorta, and descending abdominal aorta. It ends in the abdomen, dividing into right and left common iliac arteries.
- Pulmonary trunk: arises from the right ventricle, carrying unoxygenated blood to the lungs. It divides into right and left pulmonary arteries.
-
Veins:
- Superior vena cava: drains blood from the upper body, emptying into the right atrium.
- Inferior vena cava: drains blood from the lower body, emptying into the right atrium.
- Pulmonary veins: carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
Blood Vessels
- Arteries: carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary arteries) from the heart to tissues. They have thick, muscular walls to maintain blood pressure.
- Veins: carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins) from tissues back to the heart. They have thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow.
- Capillaries: microscopic vessels that connect arteries and veins. They facilitate exchange of substances between blood and tissues.
Anatomical Planes
- Median plane: divides the body into equal left and right halves.
- Sagittal plane: a vertical plane parallel to the median plane.
- Coronal plane: a vertical plane perpendicular to the median plane, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.
- Horizontal (transverse) plane: a plane perpendicular to both the sagittal and coronal planes; divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
Other Anatomical Terms
- Superior: towards the head.
- Inferior: towards the feet.
- Anterior: towards the front.
- Posterior: towards the back.
- Medial: towards the midline.
- Lateral: away from the midline.
- Proximal: closer to the point of origin or attachment.
- Distal: farther from the point of origin or attachment.
- Superficial: closer to the surface of the body.
- Deep: farther from the surface of the body.
Skeleton
- The human skeleton contains approximately 206 bones.
- Bones are classified into axial (skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum) and appendicular (limbs, girdles) skeletons.
- The appendicular skeleton includes bones of the upper limbs (clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges) and bones of the lower limbs (pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges).
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